Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/496

Rh CAKI 4SG CAKI.1SI.K. consisting of two noble, circular towers, erected in 1810 at a cost of 100,000 , struct '; Friars, and built a!>ut isj. puhlii- libnry and in-, lino stone building in tho decorated style, erected from a design by Rickman a!. -lit 1830; tho two upacious railway stations ; th" custom-house, academy of arts, mechanics' institute, li.-h- 1 townhall, moot-hall, temperance-hall, in- cluding working men's reading-room, and old gaol, are also a theatre, a temporary wooden struc- ture, and assembly rooms. The Cumberland Infir- mary is a handsome building, and stands on an uco half a mile X.V. of the town, from which an imposing view of tho city is obtained. Tho trade of lo consists chiefly of tho manufacture of . goods and ginghams, which is c:. i . otton spuming and printing, and other branches i.istry c.imiei .led with tho cotton trade. There are d lariro iron foundries, manufactories of hats, car- 1 1 whips, besides several lanyards and breweries. Some of the inhabitants are employed in the fisheries and in the coasting trade. A ship canal formerly connected tho city with Bowness, on the Solway Frith, a distance of 10 miles. The new and rising port Silloth, which lias almost destroyed tho trade at Port Carlisle, has regular communication by steam with Liverpool twice a week. The city was first incorporated by a char; Richard I., which was confirmed by Charles I. Under I unicipal Corporation Act of 1835, the limits of the municipal and parliamentary boroughs ore tho same, comprising on area of 6,700 acres. Besides tho old borough, Carlisle includes the tiishps. of Rickergato, Botchergate, and port of Caldewgatc, and is divided into live words. Tho corporation consists of a mayor, 10 aldermen, and 30 councillors, bearing the style of " mayor, aldermen, and bailiffs of tho city of Carlisle." The city received the elective franchise in the reign of Edward I., and has since regularly returned two members to the imperial parliament. Tho mayor is the returning officer, and tho 10 householders, with about 300 free- men, the electors. The borough has a revenue of 3,500,and comprises within its limits 4,878 houses, occu- pied by a population of 29,436 according to the census of 18G1, against 26,310 in 1851, showing an increase of 3,126 in the decennial period. There are eight trading companies or guilds in Carlisle. The assizes for the county are regularly held here, and the quarter sessions at Easter and Midsummer. Carlisle is the place of election for the eastern division of Cumberland. It is the seat of a Poor- law Union and the head of a County Court district. Throe weekly newspapers, called the Carlisle Journal, Carlisle Eiprtu, a penny paper, and Carlisle Patriot, are published. The Carlisle Examiner appears twice a week, and the Carlisle Observer and Carlisle Gleaner monthly. Carlisle is the seat of a diocese, and the head of on archdeaconry and a deanery, in the province of York. Tho see was founded about 1130 by Henry I. I! lore that time Carlisle was included in the dioc. of l.indisfarnc. The first bishop was Atholwald, prior of tho Augustine monastery. The bishop's seat is Rose Castle, an ancient mansion finely situated in the wooded valley of the Coldow, 6 miles to the S. of Carlisle. It was founded In-fore tho 14th century, and having been en- larged by several bishops, forms a complete' quadr: The only portions remaining of tho ancient building are the keep called Strickland's Tower, tho gatehouse, and a square tower. This mansion was restored by Bishop Percy, after designs by Rickman. The bishop has a fixed income of 4,500 per annum, and holds tho nago of above 40 livings. The cathedral IM. St.. Mary, is an ancient cruciform strn tiv.lv small sizo, originally part of a priory f< in Hi- William Rums. Standing on some of tho highest ground in tho city, it forms, like tho ancient castle, a conspicuous object 'in the landscape all round. of tho nave was destroyed during tho 7th eenturv. Tho remaining pai i tho Norman style, with massive pillars and round arch. Th. earl) ! .Jeeo- fcatlire "i till I :tln - 1 ::!' I, .. . ,,.;,, K. vin tho choir, 135 feet ; h I the tran- septs, 121 leet ; breadth, 2s i ithednil contain! monuments to several bishops, including a fine can^^H brass to Bishop Bell, who died in 1 1'.iii ; and another monumental brass to Bishop Robinson, who di 1616. Here is also a monument to Dr. Pali great theologian, who was Archdtacon of Carl died here in 1805. The deanery, built in 1 tho refectory, a much older part of the monastic buildings, are within the cathedral pi hitter serves as the chapti -r-hou-i , the original house and the cloisters having been destroy i lisle anciently comprised tho two parishes of St. " and St. Cuthbert, but several now districts have * been funned. Tho livings of all arc pcrpot. curs.* . from 80 to 170, and in tho gift of the dcan chajiter, with the exception of Holy Trinity. The ] of St. Mary has for its parish church part of tho nav the cathedral. The church of St. Cuthbert was I about 1780, and stands on tho site of a very one. The churches of Holy Trinity and Church are handsome modern structures in th. early English style, each with a tower and spire. Tin re are also two other district churches, one at I I the other at Wreay. In the town are also places of worship belonging to tho Church of Scotland, h of Scotland, United Presb : who 1 three), Baptists, Society of Friends, Wesley an .' (two), Wesleyan Associa ' Roman Catholics. The by Henry VIII., which of about100per annun Thomas, and the lyle, who was a native of the < for girls was established in 1717, and lias a of about 40, derived from several benefactions city has also National, British, infant, and indu schools, besides St. Patrick's schools. 1825, and the Fawcett schools, found Among tho charitable institutions of county infirmary, erected in 18:; in 1820; and the dispensary, in 1. almshousos and a savings-bank. Tho castle, I on somewhat elevated ground at the. N.V. <. the city, commands an extensive vi. -w fertile valley of the Eden, a largo port the Splway, and port of tho coast of S keep is still standing, and in very good pree forming a striking feature in tho landsi an armoury. The old armoury in tho on converted into barracks. Tho greater p:n walls and buildings arc of later date. tho old city walls, said to have boon erected bj mans, still remain. There are no traces jiital for lepers, which was founded i:!th century, and stood near the city. railway passes over its site. Various R have been found here, including and coins. Carlisle gives the title 01 of Naworth. Tho earldom was created soon Conquest. Wednesday and Saturday u days. Fairs for the sale of cattle and 'horses ai !i August and fill. . -n following days, on : September, and every Saturday In tw. n ' 'id MirhMlBi M..I I hristmas. Races are held annually in July. < A RLOP8, a Til. in tho par. of West I northern boundary of tho co. of 1 ' miles to tho X.K. of I.inton. It is seated on r b.mk of the N'ortli Ksk, 14 miles S. of Edinbi.- s chieiK itib.. village was not long before tho close of tho 18th century, and fax