Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/484

Rh tURV. 171 CANTERBURY. an ; the I. id lary anil S-icntinc .|ilil< - to 1" i. Tin: .--. I tin- Kent ,;-. 'I i. thi itro, bniltinlSeijUaituatBdinOuUd- hiill-strcet. The public, assembly-rooms arc' i:! 'Hi.- .Mini, which i^ situated within i tn lli" Knights Ten.] It ii an extra-parochial place, under the jurisdicti tho Bund "i' lin 11 cloth. Canterbury is not tho seat of uuy mm; iiiijinrtiiiit branch of industry, but ,v in wool aii'l com. Soap, candles, whiting, tobacco-pipes, bricks and ropes, are made in various establishments. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth silk-weaving was introduced by the persecuted Walloons, who settled here, and at a later date the manufacture of the fabric called " Chamberry " muslin, amixture of silk and cotton, was carried on exten- sively. At present the workpeople arc chictly employed in agriculture. There are numerous hop-grounds in the neighbourhood, and many flour-mills : Can- terbury brawn is in high repute, and is largely exported. Previously to tho reign of Henry III., the city, being a royal demesne, was governed by a prefect, or provost, appointed by the crown. That monarch conferred on tho citi/cns the "privilege of electing two bailiffs for them- selves. Henry VI. granted them further privileges, and a mayor was chosen in place of the bailiffs. Edward I V. confirmed previous charters, and constituted tho city a county of itself. Various charters wore granted by later sovereigns. Under tho Kcform Act the borough com- prises the 1 3 parishes composing the city, with several pro - - and extra-parochial districU, part of Holy Cross, nnd the borough of Longport. It was formerly divided into six wards, named after the six ancient gates, but is now divided into three. The municipal gov. vested in a mayor, 6 aldermen, and 18 councillors, bear- ing the stylo of the " mayor and commonalty of the city of Canterbury," and they have the right of electing the sheriff. The citizens first received the elective franchise from Edward I., since whoso reign the city has regularly returned two members to the imperial parliament. Tho borough has a revenue of about 3,700, and contains within its municipal and parliamentary limits, which are co-extensive, 3,250 acres, and 3,919 inhabited houses. Tho city forms a Poor-law Union of itself, and although under the jurisdiction of tho Poor Law Commissioners, is exempt from tho provisions of the New Poor Law i s regards tho election of its guardians, who are chosen by a majority of tho ratepayers, and not by tho property qualification. It is tho headquarters of tho Kast Kent militia, and tho head of County Court and Excise districts. Quarter sessions are held by tho recorder, and petty sessions regularly once a montli by tho commission of peace for the city, consisting of eight justices. Assizes are held for tho county of the city, which is included within the Homo circuit. Tho ins for the eastern division of tho county of Kent take place on Barham Downs, lit a short distance out of the town. In its ecclesiastical relations, Canterbury is the scat of the metropolitan see of England, tho head of a diocese, of an archdeaconry, and a deanery. The pi i : conferred on tho archbishop by tho Pope was not finally established without considerable opposition, both part of the prelates and the archbishops of York. Tho primate ranks as first peer of the realm after tho royal family, and at the coronation places the crown on llie head of the sovei-i-n He is a privy councillor, and has an income of 15,000 per annum. Hi holds tho patronage of about 150 livings, and has seats at Lambeth and Addington Place, in Surrey. The province ol terbury ii> episcopal sees, viz., those < Aaaph, Ba : ami YlIs, Canterbury, Chi t-T, St. Dai id'. 1 ' t'.nstol, HI i. I. lamlall, I. 'mi l>n, N'nrwicli, I >xford, Peterborough, Rochester, Salisbury, V, 'inprises the Kent. The cathedral, somo- .-t Church, is une nf Hi- i most mat" ture- in England. said to have been erected mi the site of tin King i'.- !'l of a still oliler chin-' burnt by th" Dam :-, it vai ivstoicil in I''.' ami lii-ing again lnirnt, " man Cuinniest by Archbishop Lonfranc and hi sor, Anv 1m, partly under the direction of I'ri- i It wa 'I, and fn,|in nliy imp: and enriched by succeeding archbishops. exhibits an extraordinary diversity of an from : N'oiin.m t : forms a splendid object in the view of tin side. Tho whole structure is so finely pn i parts so exquisitely disposed and combined, il standing tho great variety of styles exhibited, the in sion produced is harmonious and grand. The building has the form of a double cross, with a lofty, massh elegant tower arising Ir.-m tin- intersection (.1 and : nil two smaller towers following ore its dimensions : U^^H from E. to W., 51-1 th of tho choir/^B feet; height of tho choir, 71 i- <'. ; breadth ihroii:; eastern transept, l.'il.aml through tin- wcsti i breadth of the nuve, tn. -th, 178 feet : the central tower, 238 ; of tho western towers, 1 Tho nave, western transep: the perpendicular style, and, called Hell I Tower, is one of the finest specimens of that ing in England. It is crowned with a pier and four beautiful turrets. Tin X- rman tho western towers and th" choir; the latter. h being partly curly English. A fine screen, in corated stylo, separates tho HUM liom the Tho roof, both of the nave of tho former very richly. At i is Bec^BJ Crown which part of ti, form, and was completed in t! Here was kept the ancient throne of wood { bishops, tho place of which is now tilled by marble. The S.AV. porch, the v stone, is a singularly beautiful dicular style, richly ornamented, and with roof. It forms tho principal entrain to the From the eastern port of tho nave are : numerous chapels, among which, espci and beautiful, are tho Lady Cli Gcldstone, and those of Holy Trinity, lln.ry I'., and li.-hael. Trinity Chapel is in the N.E. transept, and formerly ind formerly contained the splendid shrine of St. ii-Bocket. In St. Andrew's Chapel an kept th charters an- 1 lands, sm< _r crossby the Saxon kingsa th ' "go. no loss than t original tomb ot St. Thomas, towhicl, ' unet foot to do penance, and where Louis V 1 1. o i !' i wards canonised as St. Louis, watched a whole night cathedral has many fine stained wii 11 part boingof very great anti<[uit ii, those in the transepts of ! ml the largest and mo'.t ail i-uwork ot ancient in effect. Til" ],, illustrious persons interred in thorathedr.il in incrous. Among the most splendid and intcrei " those of the Black Pi i' and in armour; of Henry IV. and i bisho; -'. in Tiinity('h.-i) lier in the choir; that of Den Votton in tin- Lady < 'ha]" I : and I i the Ihllc'e, IHOel. In Heck'-l's (Yowii is the tomb ot ' "'lad arelib, i cd in tin 1 Tin cry] linden-roll, is tin- i'liilding, and having a vault columns. It contain' 1 a chap' 1 m 'th ith serfr UTS, and numerous monuments, 'i )'t was a),]iro],i-iatid by (im-. n li us.; of the Wall. lor whose eijuircd tlic nan