Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/479

Rh GAMMON. 460 CAMPDEN, CHIPPING. of Allerdale-below-Derwcnt, in tho co. of Cumberland, 5 miles to the W. of Cockermouth. Workington is its post town. It is a station on tho Cockermouth and Workington railway. The par. is situated on the coast of the Solway Frith, on the N. bank of tho river Der- went, which is here arossed by a handsome stone bridge of three arches. It contains the tnshps. of Camerton and Seaton. The inhabitants are employed in brick-making and in the collieries, also in the extensive works of the Derwent Tin Plate Company, and the Seaton Hematite I run- works, which are both situated near the village of Seaton. There is an excellent fishery at Salmon Hall, in the tnshp. of Seaton, belonging to the Earl of Lons- dale. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Carlisle, val. 106, in the patron, of tho dean and chapter. The church was rebuilt in 1794. It contains a curious monu- ment to Black Tom of tho North, who lived at Burrah Walls, and was buried at Shap Abbey in 1157. The chief residence is Cammerton Hall. C'AMMON, a tnshp. in the par. and hund. of Lian- lyllin, in the co. of Montgomery, North Wales, not far from Llanfyllin. CAMOLIN, a vil. in the par. of Tomb, and bar. of Scnrawalsh, in tho co. of Wexford, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 3 miles to the N.E. of Ferns. It is seated on the river Bann, and was the site of a monastery, of which there are some vestiges. Camolin Park is the seat of t)i Earl of Mountnorris. Fairs are held on the 9th February, the 4th April, the 9th June, the 28th Septem- ber, and the 9th November. CAMP, a hmlt. in tho par. of Miserden, hund. of Bis- in the co. of Gloucester, 5 miles to the N.E. of Stroud. i AMPBELTON, or CAMPBELLTOWN, a vil. in I the pars, of Arderseir and Petty, in the co. of Inverness, 10 miles to the N.E. of Inverness. It is seated on the coast of the Moray Frith, not far from Fort George. The Earl of Cawdor, from whose family name the village is named, owned the land on which the village is built. That part of tho village in the parish of Petty is some- times called Stuarton. Here is an United Presbyterian church, and on a neighbouring eminence the remains of a British fort, Here is also a chalybeate spring, and the village is frequented as a watering-place. CAMPBELTOWN, a par. and market town, royal and parliamentary borough, in the Kintyre district of the co. of Argyle, Scotland, 65 miles to the S.W. of (rlasgow, and 116 miles from Edinburgh viii Ayr. It lies on the sea-coast, near the southern extremity of the peninsula of Cantire, and is interesting as the spot where the Scots first settled under Fergus, their first king. The ancient name of tho town was Dalruadhctin, a name which is pronounced Dalaruan, and still remains as the designation of a village or district near the modern town. This place continued to be a royal residence for several centuries, and it retained its ancient name till about 1700, when, on being raised to the rank of a royal burgh, it took its present name in compliment to the l)uke of Argyle, on whose property it stood. The surrounding district is hilly and bleak, but there is some very fertile and well-cultivated land in the neigh- bourhood. Its braes are celebrated in the Scotch song, "Annie Laurie," " Campbeltown braes are bonnie." The town ia very pleasantly situated at the head of a bay or loch, formerly called Kilkerran, about 2 miles long and 1 broad, which is almost land-locked, the Island of Devar lying at its entrance. It forms a spacious and safe harbour, with quays on each side, and a lighthouse on the island, which was built in 1855. The herring fishery was formerly the staple trade of Campbeltown, but it has considerably declined. A new fishing company has just been formed, which promises to give a fresh impetus to this branch of trade. There are numerous distilleries in tho town, and the production and export of whisky now forms the principal business of the place. There are several malthouses, two woollen factories, a net manufactory, and a tannery. The town has one principal and several smaller streets, which are lighted with gas. It contains a large townhall, with a spire, a market-house, custom-house, Union poorhouse, savings-bank, and three branch banks. The number of vessels belonging to tho port is about 50, now chiefly engaged in the coasting trade. Islay and Tarbert are subordinate ports. Besides whisky, the exports are potatoes, wool, cattle, and dairy produce ; the imports are timber, barley, iron goods, &c. There is regular communication by steam with Glasgow, Greenock, and Ayr. Coal, of poor quality, is found in the parish, and was, till within a few years, brought by canal to the town, but the canal is now dried up. The govern- ment of tho burgh is vested in a provost and 17 councillors. Tho burgh is contributory with Ayr, Irvine, Inverary, and Oban, in returning one member to the imperial parliament. Campbeltown is the head-quarters of the county militia. There are two parish churches in the town, one of which is called the Castle Hill Church, and the other the Gaelic Church. The former was built about 1780, and stands on tho site of the ancient castle. The latter was built in 1807, and occupies a command- ing position to the S. of the town. The livings are collegiate charges in tho presb. of Kintyre, each of the val. of 147, with manse and glebe, and both in the patron, of the Duke of Argyle. There are places of worship belonging to tho Free Church, the United Pres- byterians, Roman Catholics, Episcopalians, and Inde- pendents. The Roman Catholic chapel was built in 1849, and has a handsome stone font, with pinnacles. There are parochial, industrial, and endowed schools, and a school of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. There is a large and spirited body of volunteers, forming an artillery and a rifle corps. Many pretty residences of the gentry are built along the shores of the loch. In the principal street stands an ancient stone cross, with a Latin inscription in Saxon characters, and various sculptures. It bears no date, and ia said to bo a relic from lona. Remains of ancient forts and chapels exist in the parish. Thursday is the market day. Annual fairs are held in February, May, August, October, and November. The parish is about 16 miles in length, and varies in breadth from 6 to 10 miles, having an area of 90 square miles. Population of the town in 1861 was 6,042, inhabiting 802 houses ; of the children, 1,104 attended school. CAMPDEN, BROAD, a hmlt. in the par. of Chipping Campden, hund. of Kiftsgate, in the co. of Gloucester, 1 mile from Chipping Campden. CAMPDEN, CHIPPING, a par. and market town in the upper div. of the hund. of Kiftsgate, in the co. of Gloucester, 28 miles to the N.E. of Gloucester, and 90 miles to the W. of London. It is a station on the "West Midland railway. The parish is situated in a beautiful country, and contains the hmlts. of Broad Campden, Berrington, and Westington-with-Combe. The town is very ancient, and the traditional place of meeting of the Saxon kings who in 687 held a conference about the war with the Britons. It was made a staple town for wool in the 14th century, and carried on a good trade with Flanders. Campden was a nominal borough, under a charter granted or renewed by James I., which has been long forfeited. It is at present governed by 2 bailiffs, 24 burgesses, and 1 steward. Tho town, consisting of one long street, is seated in a valley between wooded hills, and contains many interesting ancient houses, a court-house, and market-house. Some of the workpeople were formerly employed in the silk manufacture, and in knitting hosiery, but these branches of industry are discontinued. Camp- den is one of tho polling places for the eastern div. of the co. The living is a vie.* in the dioc. of Gloucester and Bristol, val. 640, in tho patron, of the Earl of Gainsborough. The church, which stands at Berring- ton, is dedicated to St. James. It was built about the end of the 14th century, chiefly at the cost of William Grevel, woolstapler, and is a noble edifice in the deco- rated style, with an embattled tower, 1'20 feet high, sup- ported by massive buttresses, and crowned by 12 crocketed pinnacles. It has two side chapels, in one of which is a splendid monument to Sir Baptist Hicks, first Viscount Campden, who died in 1629, and his lady. In the same