Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/477

Rh C AMBUS. J67 CAMELFOED. Huntingdonshire, enters Cambridgeshire near Chatteris, and runs to March and JVisbeach, quitting the county near Tyd St. Giles. The principal canals are those formed for drainage and navigation in the Bedford Level. Vennuydcns canal, or the Forty Foot, extends from Ramsey Moor to the Old Bedford river. There are seve- ral short cuts, besides the Wisbeach canal, previously mentioned, and one from Peterborough to the old course of the Nen. The county contained eight or nine baro- nial castles, but no ruins of them are now left, the gate- way of Cambridge Castle, the last relic, having been taken down. Earthworks at Ely and other places mark the site of former fortresses. The principal ancient roads were Icknield Street, Ermine Street, and tho Via I Dtiana, the great Roman road from Colchester to Ches- I 1 ter. Icknield Street, which crossed tho county from New- st i -ret ran from Ixoyston nearly in the line of the Hfffti/ic passed from Withersfield, in Suffolk, west- ward to Cambridge, and thence to Godmanchester, and ill traceable. One of the most remarkable earth- i, works is tho Dcvil'sDitch, near Newmarket, several miles iu length, and, including the ditch and rampart, about 100 feet broad. About G miles off, and parallel to it, is 'icr great trench, called the Fleam Dyke. There two other works, similar but smaller, near Linton Foulmirc. There is a large circular camp called Vaudlebury on Gogmagog hills, which is probably of British origin, though apparently occupied once by the ins. Arbury, Great Shelford, and Willingham are sites of ancient camps. Koman coins, urns, and r remains have been discovered at Cambridge, So- , Chatteris, Ely, and other places. The religious s of Cambridgeshire were about 36 in number, in- cluding 4 abbeys, 1 1 priories, 2 houses of the Knights Templars, 2 of the Knights Hospitallers, and 9 hos- pitals. The most important monastic remains are at Ely, Cambridge, Thomey, Denny, Barham, and Isle- ham. Cambridgeshire is rich in examples of church
 * ; market to Eoyston, is traceable at several points. Er-
 * N. road to Godmanchcstor, near Huntingdon. The
 * itecture, for instance Ely Cathedral and King's Col-

' 'hapel. Among the lesser churches, many of which have Norman entrances, may be named those at Sutton, Duxford, Swaffhani, Thorney, and Whittlesea. The seats of tho nobility and gentry in this county are not numerous, tho following are tho most deserving of atten- tion : Cheveley Park, tho scat of the Duke of Rutland ; Wimpole Hall, the seat of the Earl of Hardwicke ; Gog- Magog Hills, that of Lord Godolphin ; and Wratting i ; Park, of Sir C. Watson, Bart. CAMBTJS, a vil. in the par. of Alloa, in the co. of Clackmannan, Scotland, 2 miles to the V. of Alloa, at the junction of the Forth and the Devon. CAMBUS, AULD. See COCKUURNSPATH, Berwick- shire. CAMBUS-BABRON, a vil. in the par. of St. Ninian's, in the co. of Stirling, Scotland, 1 mile S.W. of Stirling. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in wool spinning and tartan shawl weaving. CAMBUS-KENNETH. &t AHUEY DISTBICT, Clack- mannanshire. CAMBTJSLANG, a par. in Middle ward, co. of Lan- ark, Scotland, 4 miles to tho S.E. of Glasgow. It is situated in a pleasantly undulating and highly culti- vated country on the S.W. bank of the Clyde. The (.'alder Water forms the eastern boundary of the parish, and falls into the Clyde about 3 miles N.E. of the village, which consists of the upper and lower town. Tho former has two districts Kirldiill and Vicarland ; and tho latter three, viz. Chapelton, Bushyhill, and Cullochbum. East Cotes, West Cotes, Silverbanks, and Ridleywood are mining villages; besides which there are the weaving villages of Deans and Lightburn. The highest grounds arc at Dcchmont and Turnlaw Hills, the former rising 700 feet above the level of the sea, and commanding a mag- nificent prospect over parts of thirteen counties. Coal and freestone are abundant, and marble and iron arc also found. Muslin weaving was formerly earned on exten- sively, but the numbers engaged "in that trade are gradually decreasing. The living, vaJ. 350, is in tho presb. of 'Hamilton, and in the patron, of tho i)uko of Hamilton. Hero was formerly a chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and a hospital which, before the Refor- mation, belonged to the prebend of Glasgow Cathedral. Cambuslang was tho scene, in 1742, of a great religious revival, which is popularly designated the " Camb'slang wark." This parish was the birthplace (1783) of the dis- tinguished botanist and landscape gardener, J. Loudon, as also of Dr. Claudius Buchanan, noted for his Asiatic researches. The par. is about 3.1 miles in length and the same in breadth. CAMBTJSNETHAN, or CAMNETHAN, a par. in the Middle ward of tho co. of Lanark, Scotland, 4 miles to the E. of Hamilton. It is situated in a pleasant and fertile country to tho N.E. of the Clyde, which bounds it on tho W., and includes the vils. of Bonkle, Stane, Stewarton, Cambusnethan, and Wishawton. There aro many good orchards and beautiful plantations. Coal, ironstone, and freestone are obtained in abundance. Tho inhabitants aro employed chiefly in the iron and coal-works. There is a large distillery at Wishawton ; and at Coltness and Wishaw there are tile-works. Tho living, val. 350, is in tho presb. of Hamilton. There are, besides the parish church, a quoad sacra church, a chapel of ease, a Free church, United and Reformed Presbyterian churches, and a Congregational chapel. The par. extends about 12 miles in length and 3 in breadth. CAMBTJS-WALLACE, a vil. in the par. of Kil- madock, in the co. of Perth, 1 mile to the N.W. of Doune. It is seated on the banks of tho river Teith. Tho chief residences are Doune House, a seat of the Earl of Moray, and Cambusmore House. CA3IDEN TOWN, a suburban district in the par. of St. Pancras, and borough of Marylebone, in the co. of Middlesex, 3 miles to the N.W. of St. Paul's. It is situated on tho E. side of Regent's Park, forming part of the north-western suburbs of London. Here is a station of tho London and North- Western railway, and a very extensive depot, with stationary engines, great ranges of workshops, coke-ovens, &c., covering more than 30 acres. Camden Town has two stations, one at Chalk Farm and the other at Camden-road, on the North London and Hampstead Junction railways, which meet here. It took its present name, about the end of the last century, from Marquis Camden, who held the manor of Cantelows, within which it stands. It con- tains now many spacious and regularly built streets, paved and lighted with gas, and is gradually spreading northwards towards Holloway. Camden-road extends above a mile between the Hampstead and Holloway roads, and contains a great number of handsome and pleasant villa residences, some of which have views to- wards Hampstead and Highgate hills. The inhabitants are supplied with water by the New River Company. In College-street is the Royal Veterinary College, instituted in 1791, and comprising a lecture-hall, school-room, museum, and infirmary. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of London, val. 260, in the patron, of the Vicar of St. Pancras. Tho church, which stands in Camden-street, was built in 1828, and has an Ionic portico at the W. end. An elegant new church has been erected in Camden-square, dedicated to St. Paul. The living is a perpet. cur., val. 350, in the patron, of tho Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's. In Camden-street are the cemetery and chapel and nine almshouses belong- ing to the parish of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. There are also almshouses for 70 persons, founded and endowed by the late Mr. Cotterill, tho revenue of which exceeds 1,700 per annum. There are chapels for Independents and,Weslcyans, and large National schools. St. Martin's cemetery is the burial-place of Charles Dibden and Sir J. Barrow. Elm Lodge, near King's-road, is the seat of the Agars, by whom Agar Town was founded. CAMELFORD, an ancient borough and market town in the par. of I.antcglos, hund. of Lesnewth, in the co. of Cornwall, 12 miles N.E. of Bodmin, 1G miles to the W. of Launceston, and 228 miles from London. It