Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/473

Rh CAMBRIDGE. 463 CAMBRIDGE. Iso educated here. TKINITY HALL was founded by 'Villiarn Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, in 1350, on the ite of an ancient hostel. It has a master, 12 fellows, nd 18 scholars, and is chiefly devoted to the study of he civil law. It stands near Clare Hall, on the banks .f the Cam, behind the Public Library, and consists of wo courts, one of which is of modern date. The altar- liece of the chapel is a painting of the Presentation in he Temple. The chapel contains three xnonuim nlal irasses. The hall has among its portraits those of Bishop iardiner, Archbishop Laud, and the Earl of Chester- icld, who studied hero ; as did also Bishop Horsley, rhomas Tusser, Bilney, the martyr, Sir Robert Naun- on, and Chief Justice de Grey. -CORPUS CHRISTI I .'OILEGE, also called Bene't (Benedict) College, was iled by the two guilds of Corpus Christi and the -,.4 Virgin Mary, in 1352. The society is composed 1 on the K. side of Trumpington-street, and com- - two spacious courts, one of which is of modem ion. The front is 222 feet in length, with a fine ntral gateway and lofty towers at each end. The new ion of the college- was erected about 1823, from MS by Vilkins. Tin 1 chapel, which has two ..ctagonal turrets, stained windows, and a fine west iloorwny, was built about 1579 by Lord-Keeper Bacon. library contains a large and precious collection of nt HISS., bequeathed by Archbishop Parker. Here portraits of Erasmus, Cardinal Wolsey, Sir Thomas .More, and Archbishop Parker. The latter, with arch- .ps Tenison and Herring, Lord-Keeper Bacon, her, tile dramatist, Stukcley and Gough, the anti- ifs, were educated here. KING'S COLLEGE was led by Henry VI. in 1111, as a small seminary, was reconstituted in 1443 on a much larger scale, made the greatest college of its time. The society of a provost and 70 fellows and scholars the r being supplied in regular succession from Eton ge, which was also founded by Henry VI. about -ame time. The college enjoys some peculiar privi- flic precincts, and the proctors and other officers of the University having no authority within its walls. The buildings, which are on a grand scale, form a noble court between Trumpington-street and the river. On the S. the court are the provost's lodge, the library, the .', ami chambers for the fellows and scholars, present- ing a front of 509 feet. This range was built by Mr. ~ilkin-, and is in the perpendicular style of architec- ture. OH the W. side are residences for the fellows, built by Gibbs in 1724; and the N. side is formed by tin; chapel. King's College Chapel is the glory of Cam- bridge, and the most magnificent and elaborately perfect example of the perpendicular style. The foundation stone was laid by Henry VI. in 1446, and the work was not completed till 1532, thus occupying nearly a century. ' It is built of blocks of stone of immense size, and is supported by eleven vast buttresses on each side, crowned with elegant pinnacles. Octagon towers, of exquisite proportions, rise from each corner of the chapel. Its ex- terior dimensions are length, 316 feet ; breadth, 84 feet; height to the battlements, 90 feet; to the pinnacles, 101 feet ; and to the top of the towers, 146|- feet. The dimensions within arc length, 209 feet ; breadth, 45y feet; height, 76 feet. The roof, in 12 compartments, is of stone, vaulted and exquisitely carved, and unsup- ported by pillars. A splendid carved screen separates the choir from the ante-chapel, and on each side of the building are nine small chapels or chantries. The whole is lighted and delicately tinted by 24 lofty and magnificent stained windows, 12 on each side, a fine E. window also stained, and a plain one at the W. end. The height of the windows is nearly 60 feet. The whole vast structure is finely proportioned, light, aerial, and rich, being one of the finest pieces of ar- chitecture in the world. The chapel contains four monumental brasses, the earliest dated 1496. Among the distinguished men educated at King's College are bishops Aldrich, Pearson, and Fleetwood ; Fryth, U4V blircilW^J and other martyrs; Sir John Chekc, Sir Francis Walsingham, Sir William Temple, Sir Robert Wai- pole, Lord Walpole, Coxc, the biographer of Marl- borough, Jacob Bryant, and Edmund Waller, the poet. QUEENS' COLLEGE was founded by Queen Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI., in 1448, and completed by Elizabeth Widville, consort of Edward IV., in 1465. The society is composed of a president, 20 fellows, and 21 scholars. The buildings, between Catharine Hall and the river, comprise three spacious courts, partly re- built about 30 years ago, with a tower, gateway, and cloisters in the inner court. A wooden bridge, built in 1746, leads to the beautiful grounds on the W. side of the river. In the chapel arc four brasses, and in the hall are portraits of the second foundress of tho college, of Erasmus, Sir Thomas Smith, General Monk, and others. Erasmus was student and afterwards professor of Greek here. Bishops Fisher and Patrick, Thomas Fuller, author of the " Church History" and " British Worthies ;" Wallis, the mathematician ; and Beaumont, the dramatist, were educated at this college. CATHARINE HALL was founded by Dr. Woodlark, chancellor of the University, and provost of King's College, in 1475. It is composed of a master, 14 fellows, and 43 scholars. The buildings, on the W. side of Trumpington- street, form a spacious court, 180 feet long by 120 broad, open towards the street. It was rebuilt about 1700. The chapel contains monuments to Lady Dawes and Dr. John Addenbrooke, founder of the hospital named after him, who died in 1719. Tho college possesses portraits of the founder and of Bishop Sherlock, who fitted up tho library and bequeathed his own books to it. Among the students of Catharine Hall were archbishops Sandys and Dawes, bishops Hoadley and Sherlock, Dr. Light- foot, the Orientalist, John Strype, the antiquary, and Ray, the naturalist. JESUS COLLEGE was founded by John Alcock, Bishop of Ely, in 1496, and endowed with the possessions of the nunnery of St. Rhadegund, on the site of which it was built. The society consists of a master, 16 fellows, and 49 scholars and exhibitioners. The buildings are pleasantly situated on the N.E. side of the town, and form two courts, with a S. front of 160 feet by 120 deep. The most interesting of them is the chapel, a cruciform structure, with largo square tower, which was the conventual church of the nunnery. It has, however, been frequently altered, and was restored a few years ago. It has a good window of stained glass at the E. end, and contains the tombs of a nun, Berta Rosata, and of Prior John de Pykenham, and a monu- ment to Tobias Rustat, a benefactor to the college. Among the portraits in the college are those of Cran- mer, Archbishop Bancroft, the founder, Henry VIII., &c. Cranmer, Flamstead, the astronomer, Dr. Jortin, Lawrence Sterne, Hartley, the metaphysician, Dr. Clarke, the traveller, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge were students of Jesus College. CHRIST'S COLLEGE, originally founded in the reign of Henry VI., under the name of " God's House," was refounded and en- dowed by Margaret Countess of Richmond and Derby, mother of Henry VII., in 1505, who changed its name to Christ's College. The college is chiefly for divinity, and the fellows are required to take priest's orders within a year after they have attained the proper age. It has a master, 15 fellows, and 53 scholars. The buildings consist of two courts, situated to the N. of Emmanuel College. In the chapel are two brasses, and in the E. window portraits of the foundress and Henry VII. At the N. end is a handsome monument of white marble and the grave of Ralph Cudworth, the philosopher. The gardens and grounds are extensive and beautiful, and contain a mulberry-tree planted by Milton, who was a student of this college. Other famous men educated here are Archbishop Sharp, Bishop Lati- mer, Henry More, the platonist, Dr. Paley, Dr. Thomas liiivuet, and Francis Quarlcs. ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, which, with the exception of Trinity, is the largest col- lege in tho University, was founded under the will of Margaret Countess of Richmond, the foundress of Christ's College, about 1511. It is for divinity, and is
 * iaster, 12 fellows, and 59 scholars. The buildings
 * the power of the provost being absolute within