Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/470

Rh 460 CAMBRIDGE, industrial, infant, and ragged school*. A free library was founded in 1855, ana a working men's .''.liege and roading-ro. : nf.lv. -tal.li>h.-d. The lending library was opened in April, 1858, and received a munificent donation of books from the late larni nt> d Prince Consort The library is open daily from 12 to 4, and from 6 to 10 in the evening. A museum is atta. h. <1 to the library. Among tin numerous charitable institu- tions of the town, the principal is the general hospital, usually called from its founder, Addenbrooke's Hospital. It was founded by Dr. John Addenbrooko, and was opened for patients in 176(1. Its governors are the chan- cellor, viee-chanc.-llor, and two representatives of the university, the Bishop of Ely, tin: lord-lieutenant of the c'.unty, and several other official persons. The building, a handsome structure, faced with K'.m an <, m.'iit, stands at the S. end of Triimpington-str. ct. It was greatly en- larged after 1813, when John Botell bequeathed 7,000 for that purpose, and it is capable of accommodating 100 patients. Certificates of attendance on the lectures and practice of this hospital are admitted by the universities, the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, and by the Society of Apothecaries. It is mainly supported by voluntary contributions. There are almshouses in various parts of the town, founded at different times, among which are those for widows of clergymen established bv Captain Edward Story in 1692, with a revenue of about 800 per annum ; Winy 's almshouses, endowed with about 200 a year ; besides Knight's, Perse's, Hobson's, &c. An asylum for infirm members of friendly societies was established in 1837. In the town are a mechanics' institute, a literary institution, a young men's Christian association, and a mendicity society, the object of whieh is to relieve deserving objects. The Union poorhouse, built in 1838 at the cost of 6,500, is in Mill-road, and is a plain brick building, capable of accommodating about 250 inmates. The theatre is in Newmarket-road. It is a commodious building, and was re-decorated in 1854. The season usually commences at the end of August, and ends about the 10th October. Parker's Piece is a large cricket and pleasure-ground for the use of the public. The ground was laid out by London, the botani si and hind- scape gardener. Near it is a spacious cemetery, recently formed, with an elegant chapel. The castle, situated at te Hill, from whieh there is a good view of the town, fell into decay at an early period, and there are now no ruins of it left ; the gatehouse, which had been used as a prison, was taken down at the time of the erection of the County Court-house. Cambridge was the site of nearly 80 religious houses, consisting of priories, convents, hos- tels, &c. Of these the most ancient was Barnwell Priory, founded by Pieot, the sheriff, in 1092, for monks of tho Augustine order, and afterwards enlarged by Payne Pevcril, standard-bearer to Robert Duke of Normandy. At tho Dissolution it had a revenue of 351. The re- mains of tho priory are now used as farm buildings. Among tho other religious houses were the Boned i nunnery of St. Khadegund, founded about 1130, and part of which forms the chapel of Jesus College; the Fran- ciscan monastery, founded about 1225, on the site of which stands Sidney Sussex College; tho Bcthlemito friary, founded in 1 257, and the only one of the order in England ; the Dominican n founded before 1275, on the site now occupied by Emmanuel College; the Augustine friary, founded about 1259; the Carmelite, or White Friars, in 1316, the site now forming the garden of King's -; the Cilliertinn priory, about 1291; tho I'r rltNaeto, St. Mary's friary, St. Anne's hospital. A,.. In St. Giles's parish is a very curious old mansion called Merton Hall, or more commonly Pythagoras' School, erected in tin l.'itli eejitury, and now converted into a barn. Tho aneient eu-tm ' >ndy, with its begging and merry-making, is still observed by tho peasantry of the '.ourhood. The castle was occasionally a royal residence, and the t"wn .,i Cambridge has frequently H . II. i,r> VII !..(.' h,JamesI.,CharlesI., Charles II. (who was hen' on two oeea- . William HI . q... . n Anne, George I., and George II. In 1813 it was visited by Qm i and the 1 Consort; and again in Is 17, on the installation of Pi Albert as chancellor of the university. 'I Association m. t li.-re in !*.:(:!, and the lioy.il ALMI. Society in IKio. Cambridge is the birthplace of i distinguished men ; among whom are Sir John' tutor to Edward VI. (1514); Jeremy Taylor Kichard Cumberland, tho dramatist (17 Gibbons, the organist and composer (1683) ; .lane sex, the antiq i.'liite.-t .I72:t); Drake, i of a translation of II. T... lotus I'..., i. liishops borowe, Thirlbye, and Tuwnson ; Tie .m testant martyr, burnt at Exct.r in 1-1 .'in, . day and Saturday are the principal market day markets are hold daily. The corn ..hanL." i> modious building on St. Andrew's-hill, and atti n. led on Saturday. The cattle mark, of St. Peterivstroet, and is held ..n Saturday, are two great annual fairs, the Midsummer, or Pot ( and the Stourbridge' fair. These are both held parish of Barnwell, and are proclaimed by the 1 the university and of the corporation. I commences on the -'2nd June, and is for the horses, cattle, pottery. A. . ; Stourbridge t September, for cattle, timber, wool, cheese, hopi it was formerly one of the greatest lairs in En and lasted three weeks. The importance and du of these fairs is considerably diminished. The races rally take place in July, on Midsummer Common. CAMBRIDGE, Tn IT or. The foundat this University, or of tho school of learning out of ws^B it ultimately grew, is a matter still involved in uncer- tainty. That in the 7th century a .-eh. ."I on the n^H of some in France wag establish..! by Sigcbert, King of the East Angles, is related by B. de in 1 i.-al History." It has 1 bridge was the seat of this school, and tl tho Elder restored and extended i of tho Danes, building halls and app. Although many students settled hero at a v period, and had adopted the practice of living in munity in inns or hostels, under t). >f a pi' cipal, it is believed that a form was i given to their pursuits in 1109 by th. 1. ,nud mn sent to Cottenham by Joffrcd, Abbot of Croyland, 1 successor of Ingulph. These monks, four in numb going daily to Cambridge, at first taught i and when the number of their scholars b< great, began to give their instructions in differ and at different hours. Such is the tradition 1 Hiv.rsity was incorpora t . I monly given, is inferred from the I with "its chancellor and masters and vai i -res, i recognised in royal letters of Henry 111. of that year. The interference of the king was called for in cone- tp-ictice of the high rent- l.y the townsmen students for their lodgings. The same inconvenience tad naturally arisen in other I'niversitv towns, as and Bologna, and a similar remedy was reso each case. By the king's letter it was app. i the hostels, or students' lodgings, should be t.iv-d In two masters of arts and two honest townsmen. Thi valuation was afterwards directed to b. years. Such was the origin of the ta.ron < api)inte.l,l.ut with duties of an. ' jealousies and contentions between "town an : showed themselves very early, and had to be suppressed r.y the- civil power in I'Jt'.i. In most serious outbreak between tho townsmen University, edited by the increased and import.. leges granted to the latter by Edward III. if; l encouraged by the apparent success of Wat 'I 1. r arm his followers in the pn-ceding year, 1380. It this occasion that the charters and records of ; veraity were burnt. The riot was suppress.-: troops led by Spencer, the bishop militai and the town was for a ti?n. deprived The exclusive ecclesiastical and spiritual juris-! the I"i r its scholars was declared
 * It was visited by ll< my