Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/468

Rh CAMBR11 458 < 'AM hi; n ><;K. which was some time since removed ;. '!'. li'uly, the goat of the Bassetto, hag been replaced by u handsome ono of Cornish granite and serpentine, in addition t" the moth in- three distriet eliurelies,i-i' respectively at Turkingmill, Tre.ilothan, and Penponds ; thi- !; iirs., vul. from 130 to 200, in the patron, of tho crown and bishop alt< n There uru al* i > '"gin? to the Wesleyan lad Primitive Methodits, Komun Catholics, Bible Chris- tians, und others, and a free school for 20 children, founded and endowed by Grace Perrival in 1763, the in- come of which is 21 per annum. The parochial rh including aii"lh> T b. -m. -4 for a school, ani'mnt In 70 a year. The principal aeaU in tho neighbourhood arc Tohidy, Rosewarne, Mendarva ncu of the BaBgelts), and Rudamos. In the parish are a holy well and a cromlech. Richard Trevithick, the I-IIL inventor of tho locomotive steam-engine and various machines, was a native of Camborno. Saturday is tho market day. Fairs for cattle ore held on the 7th March, Whit Tuesday, the 29th June, and tho llth November. CAMBRIDGE, a hmlt. in the par. of Sliinbridge, bund, of Berkeley, in the co. of Gloucester, 3 miles to the N. of Durslcy. It was the scene of a battle in tho reign of Edward tho Elder between tho Saxons and tho DfjDM. CAMBRIDGE, the county town of Cambridgeshire, seat of a university, municipal and parliamentary borough, and market town, forming a hund. of itself, 61 miles to the N.N.E. of London, or 67J miles by the Great Eastern railway, on which it is a chief station. A branch line from Hitchen, on the Great Northern railway, joins the Great Eastern line hero. The town U connected by other branch lines with St. Ives and Huntingdon to the N.W., and with Newmar- Bnrj M Kdmund's, and Ipswich to tho E. The East Anglian, mi eting the Great Eastern railway at Ely, connects Cambridge with Lynn Regis; and u branch lino from Ely connects it, through March, with Peterborough. Cambridge is a very ancient town, and is seated in a level country, on tho banks of the river Cam, anciently called the Grantu, a branch of the Ouse. It was tho site of a Roman station most probably that named Camboricum, on tho Via Dnana. Traces of old entrenchments exist in tho northern part of the town. Tho Saxon name which appears in Domesday Book is Grantcbrige, or Granta-briege. At that time the town contained 373 messuages. The river is still called tho Granta above Cambridge. In 871 the town was burned by the Danes, who had a station on its site for about 30 yean. It was again burnt by them in 1010. Within one or two years after the Conquest, while the Isle of Ely was held by the Saxon nobles and prelates, a castlo was founded here by the Conqueror. The town and county were laid waste in 1088 during the dissensions relating to the cause of Robert (sumamed Curthose) Duke of Normandy. In 1207 King John granted the town a charter, authorising it to choose a provost or mayor. During tho wars of the barons the town i- :i alternately into tho possession of each party, and suffered much from both. It was token by the barons in 121fi, and the following year was held by the king, who was there in September, about a month before he died. The barons speedily recovered possession, and held a con- ference hero with Louis the Dauphin. During the reign of Henry III. the town was several times attackc once pillaged, by the inhabitants of the Isle of Kly. There were numerous dissensions between the tow : and the university during the 13th and 14th centuries, the first grave one occurring in 1249. The jealousy of the townsmen at the privileges and pre-eminence of tho university occasioned a rising in 1381, when they burnt the charters and records of the nmvi-ity : in con- sequence of which, the king (Richard II.) deprived the burgesses for a time of their charter, and withdrew them their privileges. In 1388 Kit-hard II. held liamcnt hero. Cambridge was occupied by tie 1 ' Northumberland alt i th- .1. ,ith ot IMwaidYI. II Chancellor of the University, and after failing in in; the Princess Mary, ;ind ' throne for Lady JunuGrey, he proclaimed Ma: but was immediately at: During - war in th- garrisoned by Cron inent. Cromwell had ] ; Wough in parliament. ti.'ii tho town presents no picturesque is seen to advantage fi < sides are tho tow- Mary's chu: 1'irc of Trinity church, and King'- chapel ; and, internally, the building of the various colleges lim the i..ii beauty of the place. These tig )>oth hanks of tho Cam, encompassing the town on the V and N. The two leading lines of street an T t and Bridge-street, with it through Sidney to Regent-street. These sti nearly parallel with the river, and n. principal bridge. The town is above a mile in UsjH from N. to 8., a small part of it lying on the N.'W^H of the river. Most of the streets are narrow, and At houses irregularly built, nevertheless there ure many good hotels and shops of every description. l^H improvements have been made during the !->-: 'M yuan. The streets are paved and lighted with gas, and t i> a good system of drainage. Near tho cent is the spacious market-place, now ono of tho best fi^H country, in which stands tho guild). and partly rebuilt in 1782. Here, too, is the old i founded in 1011, by tho renowned carrier, Hobson, by which a good supply of water is f from a distant spring. II ltlief_ house, and his tomb may be seen in si. I'M net's < On his death, in 1630, Milton wrote his epitaph on I Universities' carrier, " who died for heaviness that ! cart went light." The household saying of " choice," interpreted "that or none," originated Hobson's rule to let tho horses in his 1. in successive order without dcviati. -n. lli- at the present day of great note. The borou is a largo octagonal building, with ca and gateway. It was erect _ >, and solitary cells. The county gaol is near Ca " at the N. end of the town. In the sin handsome building for the county assizes cot Fitzwillium Museum is in Trumpii . hut I with tho colleges and other buildings tho university, will be described in the following I Tho Cam is crossed by many bridges, the public one being the iron bridge, of one a Bridge-street with Ely-roud. Th< to Cambridge, and there is a good can com, coals, timber, and other goo- Lynn. There is a large trade in em-n, butter, chMK bacon, &c., for the supply of the London markets. A peculiar custom pi making up butter in pounds, each a yard >*^^^H| There arc iron and brass foundr- works, a tobacco manufaetory, breweries, II^^HI extensive flour-mills. Cat borough by prescription. Charters and ; conferred on tho townsmen by llenry I . III., and other kings. The boroug i i, II. nry I., is now divided into five wards. government is invested in a mayor, lit aldi r. 30 councillors, with the st '. and burgesses of the borough of Cambridge." It h returned two members to parliament i Edward I. The limits of the ^^HI uiged by tin !: fi'iiu Art. The ma > ret urn i i of the borough is abo' 6,600 jier aniiinn, and its population, n< census of IMil, Ji),:j.il, against 27,81-' in is-il, showii iso in tie decennial j number of inhabited houses lias increased from ,194 5,411. The assizes ami i, ions are held, wd I county elections take pluee, in the town. Cunbrid ites of itself a Poor-law I" n ion, and is ''.