Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/465

Rh CALNE HUNDRED. 465 C'ALTON. parts of Bluckland and Calstonc- Wellington ; containing together a population of 5,151, according to the census of 1801, against 5,195 in 1851, showing a decrease of 44 in the decennial period. The local government is vested under the Reform Act in a mayor, 4 alder- men, and 12 councillors, with the style of the " guild, stewards, and burgesses of the borough of Calne." Gallic is the seat of a Poor-law Union, and the head of a County Court district. There are a Local Board of Health, established by Act of Parliament, 15 and 16 Viet., cap. 42 ; two branch banks, and a savings-bank. The Union poorhouse is at Northfield ; it is a handsome structure in the Italian style. The living is a vie.* in the dioe. of Salisbury, val. 769, in the patron, of the bishop. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. It is a largo and handsome structure partly in the early English style, but exhibiting also the Norman and other styles, with a fine embattled and pinnacled tower on the N. side. The latter was erected by Inigo Jones. In the church are several monuments, including one to a gipsy king. The register dates from the year 1-529. There is a chapel of ease, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, the cur. of which is annexed to the vie. Christ Church is a new district church, founded about 1840, at Derryhill, the living of which is a perpet. cur.,* worth 130, in the gift of the vicar of the paiish. The Society of Friends, Baptists, and Wes- leyau Methodists have chapels in the town. There is a free school, founded and endowed by John Beutley in 1660, in connection with which are two exhibitions at Queen's College, Oxford, founded in 1730 by Sir Francis Bridgman. The income of the school is about 50 per annum. A training school for domestic servants is established, and there are also National and infant schools, and a children's hospital. The parochial charities amount altogether to about 160 a year. A literary institute has been founded in the town, and a friendly society, under the patronage of the Marquis of Lansdowne. Bowood, adjoining this parish, contains the fine scat of the Marquis of Lansdowno, who holds the manor of Calne, anciently belonging to the Cantilupes and the Zouches. Cherhill, with the gigantic figure of a horse, cut about 1780 on the side of a chalk hill, is 3 miles from Calne. In the neighbourhood many in- teresting fossils are found. Tuesday is the market day, and fairs for the sale of cattle and sheep are held on IV Oth May and the 29th September. CALNE "HUNDRED, one of the 29 hunds. or sub- divisions of the co. of Wilts, situated in the north par- liamentary div. of the co., and bounded on the N. by the hund. of Kingsbury, on the E. by the hund. of Selkley, on the S. by the hunds. of Swanborough and Potterne, and on the W. by the hund. of Chippenham. It contains the pars, of Berwick-Bassett, Blackland, Calne, Calstone- Wellington, Cherhill, Compton-Bassett, Heddington, and Tatesbury. The hund. comprises an area of about 21,540 acres. CALOORT, a hmlt. in the par. of Clonca, bar. of Innishowen, in the co. of Donegal, prov. of Ulster, Ire- land, 5 miles to the N. W. of Malin. It is on the sea- coast, near Malin Head. CALOW, a tnshp. in the par. of Chesterfield, hund. of Scarsdale, co. of Derby, 2 miles E. of Chesterfield, which is a station on the Midland railway. The inha- bitants are employed in the neighbouring coal-works. CALRY, a par. in the bar. of Carbury, in the co. of Sligo, prov. of Connaught, Ireland, not far from Sligo. It lies in a fertile district, near Lough Gill, on the banks of the river Garvogue, and contains part of the town of Sligo, and the vils. of Ballytivnan and New- town Anderson. It formed part of the old district called by the Irish Calruidhe. Limestone is quarried in the par. The living is a vie. united with that of St. John's, Sligo. There are several pleasant residences of the gentry. CALSHOT CASTLE, an ext. par. district, in the lib.
 * Dibden, Southampton div. of the co. of Hants, 6 miles

1 the S. of Southampton. The castle, which stands on a point of land running out into Southampton Water, was built by Henry VIII. There are a lighthouse and a coastguard station. CALSTOCK, a par. in the middle div. of the hund. of East, in the co. of Cornwall, 5 miles to the E. of Cal- lington. Tavistock is its post town. It is pleasantly situated on the borders of Devonshire, on the banks of the navigable river Tamar, across which is a ferry, and is crossed by the Tavistock canal. Granite is the pre- vailing rock in the neighbourhood, and there are mines of copper, tin, lead, and manganese. The Tamar con- tains abundance of salmon trout. Calstock is a port subordinate to the port of Plymouth. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Exeter, val. 510, in the patron, of the Prince of Wales. The church is dedicated to St. Andrew. It is built of granite, with a lofty pinnacled tower, and contains a chapel of the Edgecumbe family, and several old monuments. The Baptists have a chapel in the town. The rect. was held by Launcelot Black- burn, afterwards Archbishop of ifork, by whom the parsonage was built in 1720. There is a mineral spring near the church. In this parish is Cothele, or Cotehele, a curious and interesting old mansion, the seat of the Earl of Mount Edgecumbe. It stands on a slope near the Tainar, and was in part built about the time of Henry VII. The structure is quadrangular, with a gatehouse on the S. side, and a lofty massive tower at one of the angles of the N. front. It contains a hall with a lofty arched roof of timber, and a chapel with a fine turret and an ancient font. The house is stored with curiously carved furniture, old armour and weapons, and various antiquities. Charles II. once visited it, and the bed is shown in which he slept; in August, 1788, it was visited by George III. and Queen Charlotte, with several of the royal children. Other seats in the neighbourhood are Harewood and Sandhill. CALSTONE, a tythg. in the par. and hund. of Calne, in the co. of Wilts. CALSTONE -WELLINGTON, or CALSTONE- WILLINGTON, a par. in the hund. of Calne, in the co. of Wilts, 3 miles to the S.E. of Calne, its post town. The manor was anciently held by the Cantilupes, Zouches, and Willingtons. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Salisbury, val. 192, in the patron, of the Marquis of Lansdowne. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. CALTEGFA, a tnshp. in the par. of Llanfwrog, hund. of Ruthin, in the co. of Denbigh, North Wales. CALTHORPE, a hmlt. in the tnshp. of Neithrop, par. and hund. of Banbury, in the co. of Oxford. The principal residence is Calthorpe Hall, originally part of an ancient hospital. CALTHORPE, a par. in the southern div. of the hund. of Erpingham, in the co. of Norfolk, 3 miles to the N. of Aylsham, its post town, and 7 S. of Cromer. It is situated on the banks of the river Bure. The living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Norwich, val. 143, in the patron, of Sir W. Foster, Bart. The church is dedicated to St. Margaret. The register dates from the year 1544. The Earl of Orford is lord of the manor, and impropriator of the rectoiy. The charitable endowments consist of the produce of the town lands, amounting to 23 a year, given by unknown donors for the payment of the war tax in former times. CALTHWAITE, a tnshp. in the par. of Hesket-in- the-Forest, Leath ward, in the co. of Cumberland, 7 miles to the N. of Penrith. It is seated on the W. bank of the river Petterill, here crossed by a bridge, and is a station on the Lancaster and Carlisle railway. CALTON, a district par. formed out of the pars, of Blore, Croxden, Mayfield, and Waterfall, hund. of Totmonslow, in the co. of Stafford, 8 miles to the N.E. of Cheadle. Leek is its post town. It is near the river Dove. The living is a don. cur.* in the dioc. of Lich- field, val. 86, in the patron, of the Vicar of Mayfield. The church is dedicated to St. Mary, and is situated within the parish of Mayfield. CALTON, a tnshp. in the par. of Kirkby-Malham, wap. of Staincliff and Ewcross, in the West Riding of the co. of York, 7 miles to the N.W. of Skipton. It is on the E. bank of the Airc, near the north-western branch