Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/463

Rh CALEHILL HUNDRED. 453 CALLENBER, rous lakes. There arc 28 locks in tho whole line, 14 on each side of Loch Oich, which is the highest point, and 94 feet above the level of the eastern sea. The canal is 110 feet wide at the surface and 17 deep. It was projected to save the circuitous and dangerous navi- gation by tho Orkneys and Capo Wrath, and large sums -PTO expended on tho works. The cost to the state, between 1803 and 1830, was 987,000, which had increased by 1849 to nearly a million and a quarter sterling. Tho revenue derived from canal dues is about 4,000 a year. The number of vessels passing through the canal has been increased by the use of steam-tugs, and many steamers conveying tourists and pleasure-seekers use this line of communication. About 30 years before the work was commenced, James Watt had been em- ployed in a survey of tho district, and entertained a favourable opinion of the project. CALEHILL HUNDRED, one of the 16 hunds. or 1 subdivisions of the lathe of Scray, in the co. of Kent, situated in the eastern parliamentary div. of the CO., and bounded on the N. by the lathe of Aylesford and the hund. of Faversham, on the E. by the hund. of Eel- borough, on the S.K by the hund. of Chart and Long- bridge, on the S. by tho hunds. of Barclay and Black- borne, and on the W. by the lathe of Aylesford. It contains the pars, of Charing, Little Chart, Egertou, Pluckley, Smarden, and Westwell, and extends over an ( area of about 21,980 acres. CALF OF MAN, a small island at the southern i mity of tho Islo of Man, 6 miles to the S.W. of Castletown. It forms part of the sheading of Rushen, and is about 4 miles in circuit. The coast is rocky and elevated, at some points rising more than 400 feet above the sea. The island abounds in rabbits and solan geese, the pursuit and capture of which is the occupation of the islanders. Two lighthouses were erected here in -1818, with revolving lights, visible the one at 23,theother at 25 miles' distance. j CALHANCE, a hmlt. in the par. of Killybegs, and bar. of Bannagh, in the co. of Donegal, prov. of Ulster, nd, not far from Killybegs. <* CAUIARNISH, CALLERNISH, or CARLOWAY, ia district in the par. of Uig, island of Lewis, in the Hebrides, or Western Islands. It is on the western coast, and is the site of a Danish fort and a remarkable Draidical circle. A central stone, 13 feet high, is sur- rounded by a circle of 12 stones, each 7 feet high. On the X. side is a double row of stones, forming an approach to tho circle, from tho other three sides of which single rows radiate. CALKE, or CAULK, a par. in tho hund. of Repton and Gresley, in the co. of Derby, 4 miles to the N. of Ashby-de-la-Zouch station on the Burton and Leicester branch of the Midland railway. Derby is its post town. The par. lies on the edge of Leicestershire, and was the site of a priory of the Augustine order, founded before 1161, and endowed by Ranulph Earl of Chester, and his wife Maud. It was subsequently made a cell to the priory of Repton. Lead is found in the parish. The living is a don. cur. in the dioc. of Lichfleld, val. 34, in the patron, of Sir John Harpur Crewe, Bart. Tho church, dedicated to St. Giles, is a handsome Gothic structure with embattled tower, and elegant Gothic win- dows of cast-iron, erected by Sir George Crewe, Bart., in 1826, on the site of the former structure. In the in- terior is a marble monument, with the busts of Sir John and Lady Harpur. Calke Abbey, the seat of Sir John Harpur Crewe, was erected at the beginning of the 18th century. It is a noble mansion, surrounded by a park of 500 acres, well-stocked with deer. Harpur's Hos- pital, at the neighbouring village of Ticknall, is open to the inhabitants of Calke. CALKERTON, a tythg. in the par. of Rodmarton, hand, of Longtree, in the co. of Gloucester, 3 miles to the N.E. of Tetbury. CALLALY, or CALLALEY, a tnshp. united with Yethington, in the par. of Whittingham, ward of Coquet- aale, in the co. of Northumberland, 6 miles to the N. of ' Kothbury. Castle Hill, or Callaley Crag, is the site of a Roman encampment. 'A castle formerly stood here, some portions of which are included in tho present mansion, Callaley Hall. CALLAN, a par. and market town, in the bar. of Cal- lan, in the co. of Kilkenny, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, 9 miles to the S.W. of Kilkenny, and 82 miles from Dublin. It is on the borders of Tipperary, in a culti- vated district on the Owenree, or King's River, a branch of the Nore. The town is very old, and was anciently walled, being a place of some importance. It was the site of several castles belonging to tho O'Glohernoys, O'Callans, Butlers, and Comerfords. It is a borough by prescription, and returned two members to the Irish par- liament from the reign of Queen Elizabeth till the Union, when it was disfranchised. The town was formerly governed by a corporation, composed of a sovereign, burgesses, and freemen, but is now under the Towns' Commission Act. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agriculture. There is a large corn-mill. Callan is the seat of a Poor-law Union and a chief police station. Limestone is abundant in the neighbourhood, and is quarried and burnt for farming purposes. The town chiefly belongs to Viscount Clifden, and gives the title of viscount to the Fieldings, earls of Denbigh. The living is a rect. in tho dioc. of Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin, of the annual val. with five other rects. and vies, united, of 1,845 gross, or 1,200 net, in the patron, of the Marquis of Ormond. The church was formerly part of a monastery of the Augustine order, founded in the loth century by James Earl of Ormond. It has a monument to the Comerfords, and some very old sculptured tombstones. A friarywasfoundedhereinlSlO, for monks of the Augustine order. The chapel is a stone structure in the early English style, with a groined roof, and an altarpieco copied from a work of Domenichino. It stands by the river, opposite the ruins of the old abboy. There are parochial and National schools, a loan fund, a dispensary, and tho Union poorhouse. The chief residence is West Court, formerly the seat of Viscount Callan, now of H. C. Gregory, Esq. Tuesday and Satur- day are the market days, but the pig market is dis- continued. Fairs are held on the 4th May, the 13th June, the 10th July, the 21st August, tho 10th October, the 4th November, and the 14th December. CALLAN BARONY, one of tho 11 bars, or sub- divisions of the co. of Kilkenny, prov. of Leinster, Ire- land, situated in the western part of the co., and bounded by the bars, of Shillelogher and Kells on the N., E., and S., and by the bar. of Kells and the co. of Tipperary on the W. It comprises the par. of Callan, with part of Killaloe, and has an area of about 5,650 acres. CALLAUGHTON, a tnshp. in the par. of Much Wen- lock, borough of Wenlock, in the co. of Salop, 2 miles from Much Wenlock. CALLENDER, or CALLANDER, a par. and market town, in the Monteith district of the co. of Perth, Scot- land, 15 miles to tho N.W. of Stirling. It is situated on the edge of tho Highlands, at the head of the river Teith, and contains the vil. of Kilmahog. The Dunblane, Doune, and Callander railway, a branch of the Scottish Central, has a station in the town. The scenery of the neighbourhood is singularly beautiful and varied. The Teith, rising in lochs Lubnaig and Vennachar, flows through a charming valley, and is crossed at Callander by a bridge of three arches. The mountain Ben Ledi, about 3,000 feet high, rises near the village. Within a mile is the Pass of Leny, commanding line prospects. Loch Katrine is within the parish. The lands along the valley are fertile and cultivated ; the higher grounds are chiefly sheep-walks. Slate, limestone, and some lead, are found. The river and lakes contain abundance of salmon and pike. Tho living, which is in tho presb. of Dum- blane, and in the gift of the crown, varies with Fear's prices, but is worth about 200. The church, which forms one side of a small square, is a handsome edifice. There is a chapel of ease at the Trosachs, and a Free church at Callender ; there is also an Episcopal chapel. In the vicinity of the village are many seats of the gentry. Brace, the African traveller, had a hunting-seat at