Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/462

Rh ( Ai.iu.i;, Min. 452 CALEDONIAN (ANAL. United Presbyterian church, and E. of the vil. is a large limestoio 'i'. CAl.HKli, Mil', a jiai., ri,ii|:iiniii^ a vil. of its own name, also tip.' vil. "f Be ll.-quarry, in the (". of Edin- burgh, Scotland, I'l miles to tin S.V. nf ]'.dinburi:h. The rfl. is '2 mile- li-om tip tion of UP donian railway. The par. i ii pleasant distriet on tip banks of the Almond Water, under i i .HjJ, vliii -h is of considerable extent. Lin- house Water runs through the juir. C'oul and loud are found, and there are lied* of linn -*lr* -of imiip-ns, thick ness. This parish, with West Calder, was I'./nm-rly the state of the earls of I in the presb. of Linlithgow, in the patron, of Lord Torphichen. The cburrh. vhiih i- v.-ry old, and apparently unfinished, is an decant (iothic structure. There is a chapel belonging to tip I'nited 1'n sl>yt( riain. Colder House, pleasantly sit uat< d near the Almond Water, is the seat of Lord Torphichen. The gallery of this house contains a good portrait of Knox, and one of i Mary. Greenbank in this pariah was the birthplace (1665) of John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrew's, the church historian, whoso father was at that time minister here. Two annual fairs are held in the village in March and Oct< CALDEK, WKST, u par. in the co. of Edinburgh, Scotland, containing a vil. of the same name, 16 miles to the S. W. of Edinburgh. It lies in a hilly country on the 8. side of the Breich Water, a branch of the Almond Water. Limestone is quarried extensively, and there is abundance of coal and ironstone. The living, worth 168, is in the presb. of Linlithgow, in the patron, of John Drysdale, Esq. There is a Free Church preaching station and an United Presbyterian church. Castle Craig is the site of a Roman camp, and Roman an- tiquities have been found there. There are also re- mains of an ancient fort. The par. is about 10 miles in length and 6 in breadth. CALDEWGATE, a tnshp. in the par. of St. Mary, locally in the ward of Cumberland, in the co. of Cum- berland, but forming part of the city of Carlisle. CALDICOTT, a par in the upper div. of the hund. of Caldicott, in the co. of Monmouth, 6 miles to the S. W. of Chepstow, its post town. It is situated in a fertile district on the N. bank of the river Severn, near the South Wales railway, and is crossed by the 1'ill, a small stream which falls into the Severn. The whole level tract extending westward from this place to the mouth of the Usk is called Caldicott Level, and was first reclaimed, drained, and cultivated by the monks of Goldcliff. It was formerly called the Moors, and was frequently inundated. In this parish are the ruins of a castle, said to have been founded by the Huh mis, earls of Hereford, and long held by them as Jli-)i Constables of England. The walls with towers at the angles, the principal gatehouse flanked by square towers, and part of the great hall, still remain. The living is a t i'-. in the dioc. of Llandafl', val. 260, in the patron, of M. H. Noel, Esq. The Wesleyans have a chapel in the village, and there ore charitable endowments, partly foi education, worth 17 a year. CALDICOTT HUNDRED, one of the 6 hunds. or subdivisions of the co. of Monmoutli, is tl.< hunth-eastcm part of the co., and bounded on tip . by the humla. of Usk and Ragland ; on the E. by Gloucos- ' i-e ; on the S. by the Hristol Channel, and on the W. liy tin; lumd. of Wontllooge. It is in two divs. Th. upper div. contain* the pars, of Caerwent, Caldicott, Chopstow, Itton, LJanvair Discoed, Matheme, Mounton, Newchurch, IVnterry. Si. I V M. . I'urts.-ip tt, and Shiie- Newton, with part of Si. An.m's, and the ext. par. distrii t ! ll'iwii-k. This div. ana ,!*60 acres. Tip- 1. -.i- div. contains liuhtoii, St. Bride's Netherw, nt. rhii.-trhmvh, I ;., Id- cliff, Ifton, Llangstono, Llunumrtin, Llanvaches, 1 vising. ;, i.h.nv i. N;,-I,. r, nhow, KI.L- .on. This div. comprises an CALDIl.. ! I. I iTl.r ind I." KK,a hmlt. in the par. of Northill, hund. of Wixamtrec, in the co. of >rd, 1 mile to the N.W. of lliggluswade. It i- tho Great Northern raihva . CALDRAiill, DPPEE and l.oWKlt, limit-, in the par. of Clongesh, in the bar. and co. of 1 . :!_!. i>i of Leinsti i. Ireland, not far from N> ! CALDWELL, a tnlip. in the par. of Stanwi. John, Map. ,,t V. -t lulling, in the North Riding of the Oik of York, 8 miles to the N. of Richmond. It was fomMdlj an important town on one of the Roiuun military ways. There is a small endowed school. CALDWELL, a chplry. in the par. of IJothl. y. in tfV co. of Leicester, near 51' itoii-.M'iMbray, its p CALDY, or CALDKY, a tnshp. in the i... Kirby, hund. of Wirral, i" the eo. paladin 7 miles to the N.of Great Ncston. It is situated near the mouth of the river DM., CALDY ISLAND, an ext. par. district to t; of Tenby, hund. of Narberth, in the co. of PembrolM South Wales, 3 miles to the S. of Tenby. It lies ' oast of Carmarthen Hay, and was the site 4JH priorj 1, founded by Robert de Tours in the i the l'2th centurv, as a cell to the abbey of St. Dogn^^l The tower of the conventual church and otln of the buildings still remain. A lighthouse was erot^H on the island in 1829, with a fixed light at ; of 210 feet above the level of the stsi, and i-iMe at a distance of nearly 20 miles. Its Welsh name is ^^B fyr. CALEDON, a small market town in ti Aghaloo, bar. of Dungannon, in the co. of Tyrom-. ] of Ulster, Ireland, 8 miles to the S.E. of Aughna and 86 miles from Dublin. It is seated on the baiiki i the river Blackwater, ueur tin- l'1-t. r and Pon Dungannon and Omagh Junction railway, to a on which, jointly with Tynan and Middleton, it name. The Ulster canal passes ne.-> was formerly called Kcnnard, ui. castle belonging to one of the O'Nials. Tip which belongs to the Earl of Calcdon, is a we and thriving place. The houses are mostly of I and the town contains parochial, National, and schools, a dispensary, a police station, and i barracks. There are large corn-mill.- employing many persons. The parish church < .1 which stands in the town, is a handsoni< perpendicular style, with a town there i also chapels belonging to the Roman ' <: Wusleyan Methodists. Petty sessions ar. the town. No remains are loft of the old a Hill, the scat of the Earl ol v.ho I his title from the town, stands in a lai _ park, on the banks of the Blackwa: are several other pleasant seats, among which are Tynan Abbey, Glasslough, Grill - iturday is th. market day. Fairs are held on the second Saturday of eui h month. CAU-llKiNIA, the ancient name tor the northen part of Scotland, subsec pp nt 1 rnmjjri.smg tl lying to tip N. of the Wall of A times upplitd to the whole ' that division of Britain called by the Romans and was inhabited by variously named tril Gaels, or Britons, all belonging essentiailv t< same race. The name Caledonia is con] writer.-,, t" lie di-rivi-d from i ing "a wood; " and to n-l'i-r t" t: < luded in the region so designated. CALKIHIMAN' CANAL, the uam- to th' ehain of lochs and canals extending acTtw lid in a nortli-eaMi-rly and soutli limn tip- Mor.iy Frith, al": . . .ith Sea with t! Ocean. The work wa d in isn:;. dir.-rtp.n of'l'huinas Tclford, the distint- by lp.m tip district had prenously been surv was opened in 1824. Of the entire length, win nearly Oil miles, the cuts extend uboi -, th I passage through the remaining 37 being by the nun*
 * i' .1 t- nty yrai>. and tip