Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/456

Rh i Ai;i;rmu.Y nrxin;i:i>. 44C yitilun, hand, of Caorphilly, in Iho CO. of Glamorgan, A to the N. of Cardiff, and 160 mil froni ] !: is situated in a broud tl.it valley, be- Kliymncy and Taf, sheltered by moun- tains u tin- X. and 8., and is a station on the Rhymney railway. A new line is now making, giving access to inhabitants arc employed in agriculture, and in the manufacture of coarse and fine woollens. Coal is found and worked for n, a new pit having been recently opened. Caerphilly was formerly a borough. I'i tty sessions are now held in the town by the county magistrates. The living is a consolidated chplry. in- cluding the limit, of Van, from tho par. of Bedwas, in the dioc. of Llandaff', val. -JW), in tho patron, of the dean and chapter. The church, a small edifice in tho perpendicular style, is dedicated to St. Martin. Tho Wesleyaus, Baptists, and C'alvinistic Methodists have chapels here, and there is a tree school for girls en- dowed by Ann Aldworth, of Bristol. Tho trustees of this charity are now establishing two new schools in Eglwysilan, and one in Bedwas, on account of an increase of income. Caorphilly derives its chief interest and importance from the ruins of its stately and magni- ficent castle, which was probably built in the 13th century on the site of a smaller and more ancient one ; the origin and early history of the latter being unknown. The castle was in the possession of Gilbert de Clare about 1280, and afterwards passed to tho Mortimers, lords of Glamorgan. In the reign of Edward II. it was seized by Hugh Despenser, and long held by him against Roger Mortimer, who besieged it. It was ulti- mately taken by the royal forces, and remained tl< forth in the possession of the lords of Glamorgan. The venerable ruins are unrivalled in extent and mag- nificence by any others in Wales. They consist of the outer walls, with buttresses and towers ; the great gate- way to the inner ward ; the great hall, 70 feet long and 30 feet wide, with four lofty and richly decorated win- dows ; a round tower, called the armoury ; a leaning tower, much damaged, and probably thrown out of the perpen- dicular by the last siege ; and a fine corridor. In the vicinity are remains of two old camps, and many coins have been found. Several old mansions are near tho town. Energlyn, formerly the seat of the Goodrichs ; Kuperrah, that of the Morgans ; Com Mabley, and others. The market is hold on Thursday, and fairs on tho 6th April, Trinity Thursday, the 19th July, tho 25th August, the 9th October, and the 16th November. CAERPHILLY HUNDRED, one of tho ten hunds. or subdivisions of the co. of Glamorgan, South Wales, situated in the eastern part of tho co., and bounded on tho E. by Monmouthshire, on the S. by tho hund. of Kibbor, and on the W. by tho hund. of Misltin. It contains the pars, of Eglwys-Uan, Gelligacr, Llantabon, and Merthyr-Tydfil, with parts of Bedwas, Machen, and Michaelstone-y-Vedw. CAERRA. See CAIHA, Glamorganshire. CAER8EDDFAN, a tnshp. in the par. of Darowen, hund. of Machynlleth, in the co. of Montgomery, North Wales, 6 miles to the E. of Machynlleth. It is in a mountainous district, and contains some lead mines. CAER8WS, a hmlt. in tho par. of Llanwnog, hund. of Llanidloes, in the co. of Montgomery, North Wales, >s to the W. of Newtown. It is seated on tl Severn, which is here crossed by a bridge of three arches of modern erection. Cacrsws is believed to bo tho site of a Roman station on tho road to Chester, called tho Sarn Sin. Near tho village ore remains of two an< it nt encampments, and Roman bricks with inscriptions have been found. The Calvinistic and Wesleyan Methodists, and the Baptists, have chapels h CAEBTON-tnLTEA-PONTKM, m hmlt. in the par. of Christchurch, hund. of Caldicott, in the co. of Mon- imnitli, near Caerleon. It is seated on tho 8. bank of (.'aerloon Bridge. . . a par. in the upper div. of tho hund. '.'., in the co. of Monmoulh, '> miles to the > V. of Chejutow, its post town. It is not far from tho Sc .vitli Wales railway and the river Severn, and contains imlt. of Crick. C'aerwont is a very am ii nt place, and i the site of the Roman station < i, on t I "in Julia. Parts of tho walls Mill remain. The from 9 to 12 feet thick, and enclose an area of ' 390 yards. Besides numerous coins, and columns and statues, some largo and beautiful t pavements have been discovered here. Near the ' ire the ruins of Caldicott Castle, a moated seat of 1 Bohuns, earls of Hereford. Tho living is a vie.* o perpet. cur. of Llanvair-Discoed annexed, in dioc. of Llandaff, val. 258, in tho patron, of the ' and Chapter of Llandaff. The ehun h is dedicated to P Hephen. The Baptists have a chapel here. CAEKWYS, a par. in tho hund. of Uhuddlan, ii co. of Flint, North Wales, 5 miles to the Asaph. Holywell is its post town. Itwasancien place of some importance, and received from Hem i 1 1. a charter of incorporation, and the grant of a i ind fairs. From the Roman remains found in vicinity it is supposed to have been a Roman sti Tho town was, however, chiefly celebrated for HistetUrodau, assemblies in which tho most < of the bards and minstrels competed, in poetry music, for prizes. One of tho most celebrated > I t 1 congresses was that held in May, 1563, under a coma siou from Queen Elizabeth. A small silver harp was the usual prize assigned to the best harper. Another ; portaut Eisteddvod was held here in 1798, at which prize* were awarded to Robert Dhu o' Nantglyn, and lid wards o'r Nant, for poems ; to Robert Foulkes, as I vocalist ; and to W. Jones, as chief harper, now a small village, and has little trade. Woollen I is manufactured on a small scale. Limestone, and iron ores exist in the neighbourhood, but are worked. The borough is nominally governed by bailiffs, appointed at the court-left of tho manor, now! held by Lord Mostyn, and contributes with Flint and) seven other boroughs to return one in imp parliament. There are remains of the old f the gaol. The living is a rcct. * in the dioc. ot - val. 426, in tho patron, of tho Bishopof Llandaff. church is dedicated to St. Michael. There ore belonging to tho Calvinistic and Wesleyan Met: and a National school. The parochial charitie worth 3 a year. The living was held by John the antiquary, a friend of Pennant. The mark long been disused. Fairs for cattle, hones, &c., are hold here on the first Tuesday after the January, the 5th March, tho last Monday in A Trinity Thursday, the first Tuesday after tie the 29th August, tho 6th November, and the Tuesday in 1 ie. i nil < r. These are the largest and important fairs in Flintshire. ( A HER, or CAHIR, a par. in the Imr. of Iveragh,) tho co. of Kerry, prov. of Monster, Ire miles to the S.W. of Tralec. It is situa: near Dowlas Head, opposite the island of Yali includes the market town of Cahersiveen and tho i of Beg Innis. A large part of tho parish, whi< h i over an area of 19,100 acres, is mountain and bog. slate is found in the mountains. Some of the inliab are engaged in tho fishery. The living is a n with those of Glenbegh and Killinanr, in tl Limerick, Ardf'ert, and Aghadoe, of the annual .">'J7, in the patron, of the crown. Tin 'non's scats, among which are Hal and Cashon. The latter is tho old seat i t and the l.irthplaco of the lato Daniel O'Coi i a largo part of the district. CAHZB, or CAHIR, a par. and small in in the bars, of Iffa and Offa, East find West, in the < ot Tipperary, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 10 miles to 1 V. of rioi'imol, and 110 miles from Dublin 1: 1 in a ]ilea>.int and picturesque country, near! extremity of the Galtee mountains, on theb* liver Suir, and is a station on the 'u'. Limerick railway. It is a place of considerable ant' and was tho site of ft cat-! i in tho 12th c
 * 'Irt by u junction with the .Machuu railway. The