Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/443

Rh BURWELL. 433 BURY. living is a roct. and vie.* in tho dioc. of Chiehester,,c>f the annual val. of 099, in the patron, of tho Rev. J. Gould, incumbent. The church, which is partly in the early English style, is dedicated to St. Bartholomew, and was thoroughly restored in 1856. The Calvinists, In- dependents, and Wesleyans have chapels here. The charitable endowments amount to -40 per annum, the greater part of which is the income of the National schools, which are attended by 250 boys and girls. Tho poet Hurdis resided in the village, and was frequently visited by Cowper, who composed here some of his minor poems. The Earl of Ashburnham is lord of the manor, and the Earl of Chichester has manorial rights. BURWELL, a par. in the Wold div. of the hund. of Louth Eske, parts of Lindsey, in the co. of Lincoln, 5 miles to the S. of Louth, its post town. It is situated Ion the Wolds, near the Boston and Grimsby section of [ the Great Northern railway. An alien priory of tho Benedictine order was early founded at this place by, i de Hay, subordinate to the abbey of St. Mary, near . Bourdeaux. . It was given at the Reformation to Charles Iflke of Suffolk. Slight remains of the buildings xist. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Lincoln, .vilh the porpet. cur. of WaJmsgate, 51, in the n. of H. Lister, Esq. Tho church is dedicated Michael. Bin-well Park, well-wooded and stocked , deer, is tin; scat of II. Lister, Esq. Sarah, the 'rated Duclu'ss of Marlborough, long tho favourite I'onfidant of Queen Anne, was born at Burwcll in BURWELL, a par. in the hund. of Staploe, in tho f Cambridge, 5 miles to the N.W. of Newmarket, >st town. It is situated in a fenny country, crossed navigable cut from the river Cam, and contains 'if the hinlt. of Reach, which was once a market town. The soil is very fertile. The village consists of long irregular street, and the houses are built of .< quarried in the neighbourhood. In the parish are vestiges of a very ancient moated fortress, said to been founded before the Norman Conquest. Geof- le MaiuloviUu besieged it in the reign of Stephen, H^Vfcll before the walls. The living is a vie. in the dioc. y, val. 335, in the patron, of tho University of .iiridgc. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. It reeled about 1460, and is a very beautiful example [ho decorated English style. It was restored in 1861, and its repair is provided for by an endowment. lower is crowned with pinnacles; the church has an irately carved oaken roof, and contains two monu- /al family tombs. Another church formerly stood n this parish, which was dedicated to St. Andrew ; it has .'ing been demolished, but a new church, to be called St. .Andrew's Mission Church, is now being erected, as well as a teacher's residence. Here are chapels belonging to the Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans. In tho 1860 a new endowed boys' school was erected to the west of the church, by the proceeds of a charity, and on the cast of the church is a girls' school and residence, l>uut in 1859 by voluntary contributions. The parochial ities consist of the church and town estate, tho pro- of which is about 160 per annum, and an allot- ment of fen for the poor, comprising nearly 200 acres, i his last has been swallowed up in legal expenses. ~'1~, by an accidental fire which broke out in a barn 'luring an exhibition, 78 persons lost their lives. A fair is held at Reach on Rogation Monday. The u is lord of the manor, and owns the greater part property. BURWICK, a vil. in the island of South Ronaldshay, Orkney Islands, Scotland. It is about 7 miles to the N. of Huna, on the coast of Caithness, with which there is communication by ferry. BURY, a par. in the hund. of Hurstingstone, in tho FO. of Huntingdon, 1 mile to the S. of Ramsey. It U situated on a branch of the river Nen, over which is ancient stone bridge of two arches, said to have ccted by one of the abbots of Ramsey, to ' 'liich monastery the manor then belonged. A barrow VOL I. OL.I. in the neighbourhood has probably given name to tho parish. The living is a perpet. cur. in the dioc. of Ely, val. 167, in the patron, of Lady 0. B. Sparrow. The church, which stands on a hill near the village, is dedicated to the Holy Cross. It is a large structure with an eastern transept, partly in the Norman and partly in the early English style of architecture, and contains a carved wooden screen. BURY, a hinlt. in the par. of Brompton Regis, hund. of Williton and Freemanners, in the co. of Somerset, 2 miles to the E. of Dulverton. There is a Roman en- trenched camp near this village, which is called Bury Castle. BURY, a par., market town, and parliamentary borough, partly in the hund. of Salford, and partly in the higher div. of the hund. of Blackburn, in the co. palatine of Lancaster, 9 miles to the N. of Manchester, and 198 miles from London, by tho London and North- Western (via Trent Valley), and tho Lancashire and Yorkshire railways, on the latter of which it is a stalion. It is situated in a fertile but partly hilly district, .on tho banks of the rivers Irwell and Roche, which meet a little below the town. The par. extends over an area of 24,320 acres, and comprises the tnshps. of Bury Coupo with Lench, Newhall-Hey, Hall-Carr, Elton, Heap, Heuheads, Heywood, Musbury, Higher Tottington, Lower Tottington, and Walmersley-cum-Shuttleworth. Bury is a very ancient place, and was anciently the site of one of the twelve baronial castles of Lancashire, tho last remains of which were destroyed during; the civil war of the 17th century. It stood by tho Irwell, the course of which has since changed. The site of the fortress is still called Castle Croft. Bury is an important and flourishing manufacturing town. Its original staple was the woollen manufacture, which was first established here in the reign of Edward III., and had attained such importance in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, that an aulnager (or measurer) was stationed here to stamp tho cloth produced. This manufacture is still carried on in several large establishments, employing a great number of hands. But the present staple of the town is the cotton manufacture in all its branches. To tho ingenuity of the Kays, of this place, several valuable in- ventions and improvements in the manufacture are owing, especially tho picking-peg, or flying shuttle, the drop box, and the card engine. The establish- ment of the great print-works of Sir Robert Peel, father of the late statesman, gave a great impulse to the trade of "the town and neighbourhood. Besides numerous large cotton-mills, thero are also extensive print-works, bleach-grounds, several iron foundries, fulling-mills, hat and other factories. The district abounds in coal ; and good stone for building purposes is quarried in tho hills. The town has increased in extent, and been considerably improved during the pre- sent century. A large proportion of the houses are modern and well built ; the streets are mostly paved and lighted with gas, and the drainage has been improved. There is a good water supply. A townhall has been erected by the Earl of Derby, which contains assembly rooms, a police-office, and court-rooms. It is a handsome structure of stone, in the Italian style. Close to it is the athenaeum, a handsome new building, comprising a large hall, a museum, reading and other rooms. The local government, formerly entrusted to three constables, appointed yearly by the lord of the manor, is now vested in the county magistrates and a body of commissioners, appointed under a Local Improvement Act. Bury was constituted a parliamentary borough by the Reform Act, and returns one member to parliament. The borough limits include the tnshp. of Bury, and part of the tnshp. of Elton, extending over an area of 3,360 acres. It comprises 7,241 houses, inhabited by a population of 37,564, against 31,262 in 1851, showing an increase of 6,302 in the decennial period. Petty sessions are held regularly twice a week in the town. Bury is the seat of a Poor-law Union, the head of a County Court dis- trict, and one of the polling places for tho south division of tho county. The town contains a dispensary, founded 3 K
 * 1 660.
 * il brasses of the early part of tho 16th century, and