Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/391

Rh BRISTOL. 381 BRISTOL. modern edifice in the Grecian stylo, stands on the .in ancient one built at the beginning of the 11 th century, and has a fine peal of 10 bells. St. John tin- Baptist's is a reet. with that of St. Lawrence con- .s 'lidatod, val. 229, in the gift of the corporation. The church, which stands near the old gate of the town, was erected about 1350. It is the smallest in Bristol, and contains a monumental brass of the year 1478, and two ancient figures of Brennus and Belinus. St. Leonard's is a vie. united with that of St. Nicholas, of the val. of '_i">:>, in the gift of the dean and chapter. The church of St. Nicholas is modern, with a tower and beautiful spire. St. Michael's is a rect.,* val. 250, in the gift of trustees. The church has a very ancient tower. St. Peter's is a rect., of the val. of 239, in the gift of the corporation. The church was built early in the 12th century, and has lost much of its original character by frequent altera- i repairs. It contains a brass of the year 1431, and a monument to the poet Richard Savage, who died in 1743. St. Stephen's is a rect., worth 292, in the if the lord chancellor. The church, which was rclmilt about 1470 on the site of an earlier one, by John Shipward, merchant and mayor of Bristol, is in the per- pendicular style, with a remarkably fine tower 130 feet Kh, surmounted with pierced battlements and turrets. It lias a richly ornamented porch. The living of Temple Church is a vie.,* of the val. of 270, in the gift of the corporation. The church, founded by the Knights Tem- plars about the middle of the 1 2th century, is partly in ti.v N Mi-man style. It has a tower leaning several feet out of the perpendicular, which, according to Camden, rocks - bells are rung, and contains two brasses of the i.5. The living of St. Thomas is a vie., val. l'l, in the patron of the bishop. The church was re- liiiilt in 1793, but the ancient tower erected in the 12th century is retained. St. Werburgh's is a rect., val. 70, in tin 1 gift of the lord chancellor. The church, rebuilt in 17U1, on the site of a very old one, is in the perpen- dicular style, and contains a brass of the year 1546, and monument to Robert Thome, founder of the grammar It was in this church, in 1543, that the English Litany was first used. St. James's is a perpet. cur., of the val. of 551, in the gift of trustees. The church be- longed to the priory of St. James, founded about 1130, made parochial in 1374. It is partly of Norman archill -cture, and has lately been restored. It is said to have been the burial-place of Robert Earl of Gloucester, who rebuilt the castle and founded the priory, and of Eleani ir of Brittany, who was 40 years a prisoner in the castle. The living of SS. Philip and Jacob is a vie.,* val. 440, in the gift of trustees. The church, a large and venerable structure of the 12th century, with a good tower, has also been recently repaired. St. Mark's Church, now called the Mayor's Chapel, formerly colle- giate, and attached to an ancient hospital, is a small ele- gant building of the 13th century, exhibiting various styles of architecture, and richly decorated. It has a beautiful tower, some stained windows, and several in- teresting monuments. The living of St. Mary Redcliff, is a vie., of the val. of 220, in the patron, of the bishop. The church is one of the finest specimens of Gothic architecture in the kingdom, and probably without a rival among parish churches. It was founded about the close of the 13th century, on the site of an indent chapel, by Simon de Burton, and completed by William Canynges, by whose grandson it was partly rebuilt about 1460, after having been damaged by a storm. It is a large and stately structure, in the form of a cross, chiefly in the early English and perpendicular styles of architecture, with a noble tower and unfinished spire rising to the height of about 200 feet. The church is nearly 250 feet in length and 117 feet in breadth. It has a groined roof supported on graceful clustered columns, a fine stained east win- dow, and a richly-decorated porch on the north side. The tower is at the west end. In the church are four brasses, the earliest being of the year 1439; a Lady-chapel, and monuments of Canynges and Admiral Penn, father of the celebrated founder of Pennsylvania. The muniment room in this church, containing chests with documents and records of the Canynges, is interesting as the scene of the alleged discovery of ancient poems by Chatterton, " the marvellous boy." The altar-piece was painted by Hogarth. The restoration of this fine building has been undertaken by an association formed for the purpose in 1846, and called the Canyngo Society. St. Raphael's church is a modern structure, erected in 1859, at the sole cost of the Rev. It. H. W. Miles, for the benefit of the visitors frequenting that part. It has aUnshouses attached for disabled seamen. The other livings are those of St. Paul, St. Matthew at Kingsdown, St. Matthias at Weir, St. Barnabas, St. Luke, Holy Trinity, St. Simon, St. Jude at Coal-pit Heath, and St. Andrew Montpellier, all curs., generally worth 150 each; the rect. of St. Mary-le-Port, val. 150, in the patron, of the Duke of Buckingham ; and the vie. of St. George, Brandon Hill, worth 285, in the gift of the dean and chapter. Besides these places of worship connected with the Church of England, there is an elegant cathedral, situ- ated in Clifton, belonging to the Roman Catholics, and above 70 chapels belonging to the various bodies of Dissenters, many of recent erection, and some largo and handsome buildings. Of these 19 belong to the Independents, 10 to the Baptists, 12 to the Wcsleyan Methodists, 10 to the Wcaloyan Reformers, others to the Society of Friends, Unitarians, Moravians, Primitive Methodists, Bible Christians, Plymouth Brethren, and Latter-day Saints. The Roman Catholics have six chapels, and the Jews a synagogue. The free gram- mar school, founded and endowed by Robert Thorne in 1532, and further endowed by subsequent benefactors, has been reconstructed, and adapted to modern require- ments, under the authority of the Court of Chancery. It has five exhibitions and two fellowships at Oxford University. The number of scholars has greatly in- creased, and is now about 300. Connected with the cathedral is the College grammar school, founded by Henry VIII. for the benefit of the choristers. Queen Elizabeth's free grammar school in Redcliff, has an en- dowment of 21 a year, and is governed by a corporation of twelve. Besides these educational foundations there are two richly-endowed charity schools, called Queen Elizabeth's and Colston's hospitals. The former was founded in 1586 by Jolin Carr, for the education and maintenance of 40 boys. In consequence of the large increase in the value of the endowment, the number admitted is now about 130. A large and handsome new building was erected about 1847, in a fine situa- tion on Brandon Hill, after designs by Fosters. The hospital has a front nearly 400 feet long, and, with the grounds, covers an area of four acres. Its revenue is about 2,400 per annum. Colston's Hospital, or free school for 100 boys, was founded in 1708, and is managed by trustees, who have recently purchased the bishop's palace at Stapleton, near Bristol, and converted it into a school-house. It has a revenue of above 2,500 per annum. Chatterton was a scholar here for seven years. Other free schools were endowed by Edward Colston in Temple parish and in Pile-street, each for 40 hoys. A free school for 40 girls was endowed by Alderman Whis- tou in 1627, and is called, from the distinctive dress worn, the Red Maids' school. A new school-house was erected about 1835, a handsome structure in the Tudor style of architecture, with a tower. The revenue of the school is about j!600 per annum, and the number of scholars is raised to 120. The city contains numerous modem schools and institutions for education, among which are the Bristol Academy and School of Practical Art, situated in the Queen" s-road, erected in 1857, by subscription, and is attended by above 2,000 pupils : the building, in the Italian style, contains a bust of Flaxman ; the Bristol Medical school, now affiliated to the London University ; the Baptist College, founded in 1770, and endowed with about 90 a year; the Merchants' Hall school for 40 boys, endowed in 1738 by Susannah Hoi worthy; the Marine school; Bristol " Education school, and many others, besides National, British, and infant schools. There are also