Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/195

Rh BABMSTON. 185 BARNARD CASTLE. BARMSTON, a par. in the northern div. of the wap. f Holderness, in the East Hiding of the co. of York, miles to the S. of Bridlington. Hull ia its post town, t is in a pleasant situation on the sea-coast, and includes art of the township of Ulrome. The living is a rect. * i the dioc. of York, of the annual val. of 1,065, in the itron. of Sir H. Boynton, Bart. The church is dedi- itod to All Saints. There is an almshouse founded hy ir G. Boynton in 1726, and endowed with 15 a year; id a schoolhouse, built by Sir F. Boynton. Barmston .all, a moated house, the old seat of the Boynton family . Burton Agnes, is now occupied as a farmhouse. BARN GREEN, a hmlt. in the par. and hund. of ^ambledon, in the co. of Southampton, 6 miles to the .E. of Bishop's Waltham. BARNA, a vil. in the bar. of the libs, of Galway, in 16 co. of Galway, prov. of Coimaught, Ireland, 3 miles the W. of Galway. It is situated on the coast of alway Bay. BARNA, a hmlt. in the bar. of Clonlisk, in King's mnty, prov. of Leinster, Ireland, 3 miles from Money- ill. BARNACK, a par. in the lib. of Peterborough, in the '. of Northampton, 3 miles to the S.E. of Stamford, t post town. It is a station on the Midland railway, ilsgate and Southorpe are hamlets of this parish. It ntains extensive and valuable stone quarries, "which iv<! furnished the material of the cathedrals of Ely ul Peterborough, and of many churches in the county. 10 living is a rect.* in the dioc. of Peterborough, of o val. of 1,025, in the patron, of the bishop. The urch, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, is an old and teresting structure with a square tower. Part of the chitecture is Norman. It contains an octagonal font orned with sculpture. The parochial charities, in- uding poor's land, amount to 73 per annum. BAENACLE, a tnshp. in the par. of Bulkington, and nd. of Knightlow, in the co. of Warwick, 5 miles from pventry. The Trent Valley railway runs near it. tie chief residences are Barnacle Hall and Barnacle irk. BAENACEE, a tnshp. in the par. of Garstang (joined Hi J'.onds), hund. of Amounderness, in the co. palatine Lancashire, 2 miles from Garstang. BARNAHELY, a par. in the bar. of Kerrycurrihy, the co. of Cork, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 7 miles to e S.E. of Cork. It is situated on the shore of Cork rbour, and includes the village of Loughbeg. The in<< is an impropriate rect. in the dioc. of Cork, Cloyne, .-s. Ballybricken is the principal residence. BABNANE-ELY, a par. in the bar. of Skerrin, in e co. of Tipperary, prov. of Munster, Ireland, 3 miles the W. of Templemore. The district is chiefly moun- iu and waste. Here is the lofty range called the vil's Bit Mountains, rising to the height of 1,500 or JOO feet, and commanding fine views. An ancient muscript of the Gospels in the Irish language was ^covered in a cave here in 1790. The living is a rect. ited with that of Kilfithmone, in the dioc. of C'ashel, nly, Waterford, and Lismore. BARNARD CASTLE, a parochial chplry. and market WTI in the par. of Gaintbrd, south-western div. of o ward of Darlington, in the co. palatine of Durham, miles to the S.W. of Durham, and 246 miles from >ndon. It is a station on the Stockton and Darlington ilway, and is situated on the edge of Yorkshire. The plry. comprises the tashps. of Barnard Castle, Mar- iod, Streatlam with Stainton, and Westwick. Barnaul stle proper is situated on a hill which rises sharply in the north bank of the river Tees. The river ws with a rapid current, nearly round the town, tween rocky wooded banks, giving a picturesque pearance to the neighbourhood, which is rich in wild d striking scenery._ The town has taken its name, rhaps also its origin, from the castle founded soon er the Conquest by Bernard Balliol, a Norman noble, ill of Guy Balliol, a follower of the Conqueror, and cestor of the Scottish kings. It was the birthplace John Balliol, the competitor -with Robert Bruce, rot,, i. ! In his time the lordship was forfeited to the crown, and was afterwards conferred by Edward I. on the Earl of Warwick. By the marriage of Richard III. with Anne Neville, the daughter of the kingmaker, it became again the possession of the orown. The town and castle still bear many figures of the boar, the cogni- zance of Richard III. The manor, which was originally included in the large district called Marwood, granted by William I. to Guy Balliol, is now held by the Duke of Cleveland, having been purchased, with the castle and sur- rounding domain, by one of his ancestors. During the Civil War in the reign of Charles I., this castle was gar- risoned for the king, but was besieged and taken by Crom- well. The fine ruins of this feudal fortress, which once stood so " stately upon Tees," occupying the summit of a lofty and precipitous rock at the foot of which the river rushes on, cover a space of nearly seven acres. Sheep feed within the outer area, and fruit-trees flourish in the inner area, which was partly moated. Eich masses of ivy beautify parts of the ruins. Barnard Castle is a well-built town, the houses being mostly of stone. It is about a mile in length, and is situated on the southern slope of a hill, descending steeply to the river Tees. The main street consists of the Cattle Market, Horse Market, and Market-place, at the southern extremity of which last stands the townhall, nearly in the middle of the street; opposite to this is Newgate-street, stretching to the east, and joining the Westwick road. To the south of the main street are Thorngate and Bridgegate streets, the latter forming the only road into the town from the south. The principal branches of industry are the manufacture of carpets and thread, plaids and hats. A fine leather is also prepared here. There is a con- siderable trade in corn, the corn market being one of the most important in the northern counties. The market cross, or townhall, was built in 1747, and is an octangular edifice of stone; around the basement story is a piazza, inclosed with an iron railing, and in the upper story the magistrates were accustomed until recently to hold their meetings for the transaction of the town business. The bridge which connects Barnard Castle with the village of Startforth, on the Yorkshire side of the Tees, consists of two strong groined arches, that on the Durham side being a little the highest. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Durham, of the val. of 224, in the gift of the Master and Eellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The church is dedicated to St. Mary. It is cruciform, with an embattled tower, partly of Norman, but chiefly of various styles of English architecture. A spire, which formerly sur- mounted the tower, having become insecure, was taken down at the commencement of the present century. In the chancel is a curious old tomb. The register dates from 1609. The Independents, Unitarians, Eoniau Catholics, Wesleyans, and Primitive Methodists have chapels here. Of the charitable endowments, the principal is that of the ancient hospital dedicated to St. John, founded by John Balliol in 1229. There is a mechanics' institute, a dispensary, a savings-bank, and two National schools, one of which is supported partly by a small endowment, and an infant school. Bar- nard Castle is the seat of a Poor-law Union, a Board of Health, and a County Court district. Polling for the south division of the county takes place here, and petty sessions are held on the last Wednesday of every month. It is also the head-quarters of the county militia. The Union poorhouse, a good stone build- ing, erected in 1838 at a cost of 2,500, is situated iti the town, and will accommodate 138 inmates. The Duke of Cleveland takes the titles of Viscount and Baron Barnard from this place, and holds his court - daron in October every year. William Hutchinson, the county historian, was born here in 1732. There is a chalybeate spring two miles from the town. The mar- ket for provisions and corn is held on Wednesday, and fortnightly markets for cattle on alternate Wednesdays. Fairs are held on Easter Monday and Whit- Wednesday for pedlery and fancy goods, and on the Eve and Day of St. Mary Magdalene for horses, cattle, and sheep.