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AND WHEREAS inspite of the fact that the Supreme Conn has held in the matter of Shayara Bano Versus Union of India and others [Writ Petition (Civil) No. 118 of 2016] and other connected matters that the practice of triple talaq (taluq-e-biddat) as unconstitutional, the said practice is still continuing unabated:

AND WHEREAS Parliament is not in session and the President is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action to give effect to the provisions of the said Bill with certain modifications;

NOW, THEREFORE, in exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of article 123 of the Constitution, the President is pleased to promulgate the following Ordinance:—

CHAPTER I

Short title, extent and commencement.

1. (1) This Ordinance may be called the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Ordinance, 2018.

(2) It shall extend to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

(3) It shall come into force at once.

Definitions.

2. In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires:—

(a) “electronic form“ shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in clause (r) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 21 of 2000. ;

(b) “talaq” means talaq—e—biddat or any other similar form of talaq having the effect of instantaneous