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Rh in comparative peace for centuries and had their parchment records and title deeds older than any in modern Europe, their whole economic bread-and-butter fabric had been upset by goods "made in Germany"; cheaper manufactures from Vienna; the Armenian had let in the Christian banker and out went the home-current wares to foreign markets, while back came the foreign goods destroying local hand industries, with no economic substitution giving local employment. The Mohammedan traced the trade connection and started to kill the Armenians, whose Christian friends had taken away their livelihood. Vienna and Berlin goods also upset the business base in the Balkans. The people could not pay the Turkish tax exactions. On came the lash; and Germany found profit in selling the guns that responded. The outside world opened Manchuria, and where peace had reigned for hundreds of years nobody had since been able to maintain law or order. The Boxer Rebellion was a similar economic protest.

There was only one possible remedy. The old order could not be put back. The nations must unite and go forward. They must insure development by organization, capital, and modern machinery, which could exist only with courts of