Page:The Making of Latin.djvu/42

28 Fricative became Voiced in early Germanic, and then generally became a Voiced Plosive; so in this case we have regularly Eng. b, d, g, corresponding to I.Eu. and Lat. p, t, k.

Thus the Eng. -d of participles and adjectives (as in loved, or moneyed) comes from the original -t- which is preserved in the Lat. ending -tus (§ 282), Greek , Sans. -tás; Greek and Sanskrit keep the original accent on the ending. So the -d- in Eng. gard-en comes from the -t- which is preserved in Gr. , ‘cleared space,’ Lat. hortus. So the -d- in Cumberland-English fader represents correctly the -r- before the accented syllable in Gr. , Sans. pitā́; the -th- in southern English is due to an analogical assimilation to the -th- in mother.

(3) The Indo-European Voiced Aspirates became in Germanic Voiced Fricatives and these, as we have just seen, became Voiced Plosives.

Thus Eng. b in to bear corresponds to Sans. bh in bhar-āmi, Gr. , Lat. fero (§ 175), all meaning ‘I bear.’

Eng. d in dare, durst answers to Sans. dh in dhársati ‘he dares,’ Gr. in ‘boldness.’

Eng. g in garden answers to I.Eu. g̑h which appears as in Gr. and h in Lat. hortus.

(4) The Voiced Plosives became Breathed.