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 CICERO'S LETTERS

CCCCIV (A XI, I)

There is a sudden pause in the correspondence after the letter of the 19th of May, 49, in which we find Cicero—abandoning the passing idea of retirement to Malta—still waiting to be assured of Cæsar's failure in Spain before taking the plunge and joining Pompey in Greece. The silence is only broken by the one letter to Terentia written on the 7th of June, the day on which he finally set sail. Something then had happened between 19th May and 7th June to finally determine him on taking this step: and it is not unreasonable to suppose that it was the news of Cæsar's dangerous position behind the flooded river Segre, which prevented the arrival of his supplies; while his opponents in Spain, Afranius and Petreius, having command of the bridge at Ilerda, could supply themselves with necessaries. Cæsar's difficulty did not last many days, but exaggerated reports of it reached Rome, and "Afranius's town house was thronged with visitors offering their congratulations; and many persons started from Italy to join Pompey, some that they might be the first to carry the good news, others to avoid the appearance of having wished to see how things would go and of coming last" (Cæs. B. C. i. 53). Then follows another silence of six months. When we next take up the correspondence, in January, 48, we have a few short letters up to the middle of July from Pompey's quarters. Those from Cicero are almost wholly on private matters, with only very dark hints at the uneasiness and discontent which he felt at the state of things in Pompey's camp. Cælius had begun to regret his adhesion to Cæsar, but Dolabella was still urging Cicero to retire from active participation in the war. Cicero appears to have given much umbrage to the Pompeians by his caustic criticisms on the management of the campaign and the conduct of his party generally (Plut. Cic. 38; 2 Phil. § 57). After the 15th of July there is another pause in the letters of nearly four months, and when it again opens the issue of the war had been settled at Pharsalia, and Cicero is in Brundisium on sufferance, having been invited or permitted by Cæsar to return from Patræ—to which he had gone from the fleet at Corcyra—to Italy, but not venturing yet to return to Rome. There he has to remain till late in September, 47, when Cæsar's return from the Alexandrine and Asiatic wars at last relieved him from this quasi-exile. He met Cæsar near Tarentum, who greeted him with warmth, and invited him to return