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Rh the development of the Cephalopoda (cuttlefishes and allies); and he produced a magnificent work on Alcyonaria, Medusæ, and other allied forms. He elucidated the development of the vertebral column, especially with reference to the notochord.

In 1848 he founded, together with Th. von Siebold, the famous Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie.

A standard work on mammalian embryology is his 'Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen und der höheren Thiere,' a text-book of which the second edition appeared in 1879.

At the anniversary meeting of 1897 he received the Copley medal, the highest honour which the Royal Society can bestow.

was born on August 21, 1826, in Bavaria. He studied medicine and kindred subjects in Würzburg, and as a pupil of Johannes Mueller in Berlin.

In 1852 he went with Koelliker to Messina