Page:The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis II 1921 2.djvu/85

 BOOK REVIEWS 241 1

I

From the Unconscious to the Conscious. By Gustave Geley. Trans- 4

lated from the French by Stanley de Brath. (William Collins, Sons and I

Co. Ltd. Pp. XXVm + 328.)

The title of Dr. Geley's work may rouse expectations in the mind

of a psycho-analyst which, if he reads the book, will not be realised.

He will find here no mention of the Unconscious as he understands it,

and no reference to the theory or practice of Psycho-Analysis. The

standpoint of the author is indeed the opposite of the analytic one.

His aim is synthetic; it is "the ideal quest of a wide philosophical

generalisation, based on facts." On the conception of the Unconscious

which he adopts he erects a metaphysical system, but he claims for his

idealistic philosophy that it is scientific, that it rests on no a priori

or intuitional formulae but is based on positive demonstration. The work

is divided into two parts, the first of which is devoted to a critical

study of the classical theories relating to evolution, and of the principal

evolutionary philosophies. The second part is the actual statement of

Geley's own views.

His criticisms of naturalistic theories of evolution and of the psycho- physiological concept of individuality may be read with interest and profit; but the reader will be surprised when he finds himself asked to

regard as established facts of science those materialisations and de- materialisations of which he may have read in works dealing with spiritism. The author has evidently been much impressed by the mani- festations observed by him at his many sittings with the well-known medium Eva, of whose phenomena Schrenk-Notzing has given a very full account.

Indeed, it may be supposed that one of the main objects of this book is to provide an hypothesis which will afford some solution of the problems of 'supernormal physiology.' The new concept, which Geley thinks removes all difficulties, is that of a "dynamo-psychism constituting the essence of the self, which absolutely cannot be referred to the functioning of the nervous centres. This essential dynamo-psychism is not conditioned by the organism; on the contrary everything happens as though the organism and the cerebral functions were conditioned it." The cellular complex of which the body consists is the ideo-plastic product of this dynamo-psychism, and the phenomenon of materialisation is but a special case of the same ideo-plastic activity.

This dynamo-psychism, which is essential in the individual and in the universe, is the 'Unconscious' of Geley's book. It has obvious resemblances to the Unconscious of Hartmann and to the Will of Schopenhauer. It contains within itself the potentialities of all bemg, and evolution consists in its transition from the Unconscious to the Conscious.

T. W. MiTCHELI/.