Page:The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis III 1922 1.djvu/94

 86 BOOK REVIEWS

' On the other side we find, among normals, ' practical men ', those ■who live easy or superficial lives, or whose intelligence is more re- productive than productive in nature; also the unintelligent and, following on them, the feeble-minded, the debiles and imbeciles. Among the schizophrenics we find here the motor-excitable and incoordinated group of katatonics, the hebephrenics and the querulants; further, all epileptics ■ and, finally, all organic patients with the exception of Korsakoff cases and arte rio-Ecler otic dements.'

The two opposite types here described are called by Rorschach ' introversive ' and ' extratensive ' respectively, without any implied refer- ence to introversion or extroversion in Jung's sense.

The division established in this way is thus strongly reminiscent of that which has been already made by Heymans and Wiersma, Otto Gross and others, which is perhaps most generally known under the name of 'perseveration', and on which further hght has been thrown by the recent British experimental researches of Webb, Lankes and Wynn Jones, whose work seems to show that not one single factor, but rather two distinct but easily confused factors, are in reality involved. This agreement with the results of previous investigations, though not ment- ioned by Dr. Rorschach, adds of course to the interest of the present results, which in turn afford additional evidence in favour of the existence and importance of the factors concerned- Rorschach's factor of ' introversion ', affecting as it does character rather than sensation, would appear on the whole to be allied to Webb's ' W ' rather than to Lankes's or Wynn Jones's 'perseveration', and in this case his experi- mental methods may eventually prove of great utility, no strictly ex- perimental diagnosis of 'W' being at present available.

As well as indicating the existence of the ' introversive ' and ' extra- tensive' types. Dr. Rorschach's experiments appear to show at the same time that kinaesthesis is negatively correlated with skill in movement and adaptation to the external world (at first sight, at any rate, a some- what paradoxical result), while appreciation of colours is positively cor- . related with freedom from emotional inhibition and control.

Besides the two types already described (which, as the author is careful to show, represent the two extremes of a continuous series and not distinct groups without intermediate cases) Dr. Rorschach also distin- guishes two further opposite types, which cut across the previous two. These further types he calls the Koartierter and the Ambiaequaler Typus respectively; the former being characterised in the experiment by an absolutely small amount of both kinaesthetic and colour influences (mani- fested by pedants, depressives, melancholies and simple dements), the latter by an absolutely large amount of such influences (manifested by persons with many-sided gifts, by compulsion-neurotics, maniacs and katatonics). In the former both 'introversion' and ' extratenslon '