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1904.] Campaign of 1845-46, after which he was appointed medical officer, and subsequently Political Assistant to the Resident in Nepal. While holding that post he died of cholera at Dinapore on 13th November 1849.

Hugh Francis Clarke Cleghorn entered the Madras Medical Service in 1842. He served in the Mysore Commission for some years, was on furlough from 1848 to 1851, and on his return became Professor of Botany and Materia Medica in the Madras Medical College. In 1855 he became Conservator of Forests in Madras, a post which he held till 1867, when he was appointed to officiate as Inspector-General of the Forest Department. He retired in 1869.

Charles Hathaway entered the Bengal Army on 10th August 1843, became Surgeon on 27th June 1857, and Surgeon-Major on 10th August 1863. He was for many years Civil Surgeon of Lahore, and subsequently Inspector-General of Gaols in the Punjab; but was best known as Private Secretary to Lord Lawrence, during his tenure of the office of Governor-General. He retired 14th February 1866. and is still alive, nearly forty years later.

Arthur Young entered the Bengal Service on 20th October 1853, becoming Surgeon on 4th October 1864. He served in the Oudh Commission till his retirement on 26th March 1872, and is still alive.

John Lindsay Stewart became Assistant-Surgeon, Bengal, on 4th August 1855, and Surgeon on 4th August 1867. He served in the Mutiny, being present at the siege of Delhi. In 1860-61 he officiated for Dr. Jameson as Superintendent of the Saharanpur Botanical Gardens, and in 1864 was appointed Conservator of Forests in the Punjab; a post which he held, with an interval on furlough in 1869-71, till his death, which took place at Dalhousie on 5th July 1873.

William Henry Hayes also entered on 4th August 1855, and became Surgeon on 4th August 1867, After twenty years' service in the Bengal Commission, chiefly in the Sinhbhum District, he retired on 16th April 1878, and is still alive.

Henry Walter Bellew, after serving in the Crimea, entered the Bengal Medical Service on 14th November 1855, and soon made a name for himself as an authority on the language, manners, and customs, of the Afghans, and as a traveller. During the Mutiny he was with the Lumsdens at Kandahar; in 1871 he accompanied Sir R. Pollock's Mission to Seistan, and in 1873 went with Sir Douglas Forsyth to Kashgar and Yarkand. He was made a C.S.I, in 1873. In 1879-80 he served in the Afghan War as Chief Political Officer at Kabul, but had to return home on account of ill health. The last appointment he held in India was that of Sanitary Commissioner of the Punjab. He retired on 14th November 1886, and died on 26th July 1892.

As we have now, in our survey, come down almost to the present day, a brief notice will suffice for those officers who have served, in political employ at a later date. J. P. Stratton, of the Bombay Medical Service, spent most of his service in the Political Department, and was for many years Resident at Jaipur. Sir Alfred Lethbridge, after nearly twenty years as Inspector-General of Jails, Bengal, became Superintendent of the Thagi and Dakaiti Department, from April 1892 till his retirement on 1st April 1898. Oliver Thomas Duke, after serving as medical officer to the Beluchistan Political Agency for some years, became a Political Agent in the same Province. Since his retirement on 22nd February 1887, he has thrice unsuccessfully contested South Bedfordshire in the Unionist interest. Sir George Robertson, the explorer of Kafiristan and defender of Chitral, retired so recently as 22nd October 1899, and in 1900 unsuccessfully contested Stirlingshire as a Radical.

A few lines may be devoted to mentioning some medical officers not in the I. M. S., who have won distinction during the last half century as diplomatists or administrators. Sir John Kirke was Consul-General at Zanzibar; Sir Rutherford Alcock was Consul-General in Japan from 1858 to 1862, and Minister Plenipotentiary at Pekin from 1865 to 1871. Sir Samuel Rowe, of the Army Medical Department, was Governor successively of the Gambia, of the West African Settlements, and of the Gold Coast and Lagos. Sir William MacGregor, first a Colonial Surgeon, subsequently Administrator of British New Guinea, Governor of Fiji, and Governor of Lagos. Leander Starr Jameson is best known as the leader of the famous raid on Johannesburg.

Last, but not least, we may allude to Leonard Wood, Assistant-Surgeon in the United States Army, who, in the late Spanish-American War, developed into a Brigadier-General, and subsequently became Governor-General of Cuba. An incident in his career goes to show that red tape may flourish as rigorously under the "Bird O' Freedom Soarin" of young America, as under the effete old British Lion. While Wood was Governor-General of Cuba some official discovered that he had never passed the examination for promotion from Assistant Surgeon to Surgeon, and gravely proposed that he should be recalled to the States for the purpose.

 

In April, 1901, I took up the subject as to how mosquitoes, especially culex, (as I am glad to say anopheles are scarce here,) tide over the different seasonal periods inimical to their breeding. I started with eggs, and carried out innumerable experiments in order to see if eggs