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 January, 1873.] REVIEW. 25 2. irandu, eradn, r a /, raddu, i r n, ir, ir, in, ip. ir, 1 r, to split. The split¬ ting off of a branch.* * * § * * * 3. mfinru (pronounce: mfindu), mflrn, mfiji, muyyu, mun, mft, mu, mun, mur, to advance, grow. A further advance.! 4. nalku, nafigu, naku, nal, nar, nan, nl In the formation of this word the idea of evenness seems already to have guided the Dravidians, as the nearest root is n a 1, to be beautiful, nice, sufficient (n a 6 g u, beauty). An evenness.J 5. aydu, ayndu, afiju, aynu, ayfi, ayn, aym, an, ay. ay, aydu, to go; to obtain (conf. isu, to make go, throw). The counting of the fingers of one hand fprms a going or one turn : a turn.§ 6. am, a j i aru, &r. a r u as a verb is stated to express the meaning of samarthatva, «. e. to be strong, or to strengthen ; the nume¬ ral, therefore, seems to convey the idea of ad¬ dition, conf. Ntf. 3 : further addition.! 7. e/u, el, e/, ep. el, el, to rise. A still ' greater rising. 8. cntu, ettu, enma, em, en. en, to count. Probably “ a computation of two even numbers/^ conf. No. 4. 9. om-battu, on-badu, om-bay, or- m-ba. One less than the combination, i. e. one from ten.** See No. 10. 10. pattu, pandu, pannu, pad in, pa- du, padi, pay in, pay, pa. pattu, parru (pronounce: pattu), to come to¬ gether, join. A joining or combination of all the ten fingers.ff Hundred with the Dravidians is n ft r, n fi- ru, nudu. Its root is nun, nun n u r, n ft r, to become small, fine, pointed, smooth or powdered ; conf. No. 3. Point, extremity of computation. REVIEW. Misckll an sous Essays, bt H. T. Colebrooke, 2nd Ed. Higginbotham and Co., Madras, 1872. Colebrooke’s Essays, contributed in the first place to the Asiatic Researches and the Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society, are memoirs of the highest value, and, from their excellence and accuracy, have from their first appearance been justly regarded as standards of reference on the* matters to which they relate. MM. Abel R^musat, E. Burnouf, and V. Cousin early brought them to the notice of con¬ tinental savans, and in 1833 M. Pauthier prepared a careful version in French of the five essays relat¬ ing to the Philosophy of the Hindus that had appeared in the Transactions of the R. Asiatic Society, adding the Sanskrit texts and numerous * valuable notes and appendices. In his preface M. Pauthier remarked : “ If ever memoirs deserved a complete and faithful translation they are as¬ before it, d d u being only another form of ndu ; there are nitya and vaikalpika Bindus in Dravida. f The primary root appears to be mu, mfl (cf. mn -j* du, growth), and thus the first form, according to rule, is m 6 + Bindu -R d u ; mdro, in this case, is a secondary form of the root, the ru being frequently used to produce such forms, ru has become ji (in Tula), which change is also seen in 6. nru, ndu has become yyu; conf. padin *= payin under No. 10. £ By the affix ku a verbal noun is formed. The liquids 1, r (n ; cf. ane, ale, aira—Antiqvarvy p. 228), as seen by n& and naku, fall under the rule of srithilatva, for which see No. 10. § aydu is av -f-du, ayndu is ay -f- Hindu ■+■ du, afiju too is ai -f- Bindu -R du, the du having become ju, cf. No. 1. The rule is that when to certain long roofB, for instance miy (mi) and bey (b£), du is joined, the mot is shortened an i the Bindu put between (m i n d u, be n d u) ; this rule may also in this case explain the short a before the Bindu in afiju. Wherever the ju (du) is again dropped and at the same time the Bindu is retained, the theme is suredly those of Mr. Colebrooke, that Indianist so learned and conscientious, that vir nunquam sat is laudandu8, as he has been so justly styled by Dr. Stenzler in the preface to his recent beautiful edition of the Raghu Vansa; for we do not hesitate to say that, without the excellent works of Mr. Colebrooke on the Sanskrit lan¬ guage and the most abstruse sciences of India —where he lived thirty years as a member of the administration—the knowledge, so far complete, of the language of these sciences, and of the sciences themselves, might have been almost in¬ definitely retarded in Europe. For, only to speak of the Essays on the Philosophy of the Hindus, Mr. Colebrooke has read all the numerous Sanskrit works on that philosophy he had succeeded in pro¬ curing, and it is from the methodical extracts and resumes from these works that he has composed his optionally afi or ayfi, ayn, aym. “ way.” Asa kina of analogue of v a y i r u, b a fi j i, belly. verbal nouns ; it generally appears as me. ft The first three forms are quite regular, i. e. par -R tu (tu = du, conf. ottu under No. 1), par 4- du (=p a n d u, see No. 1). The single d in the three following forms at first sight looks strange ; but all difficulty is removed when con¬ sidering the form pa in the end. This pa is unchangeable, whereas the liquid r falls under the rule of S'ithilatva (cf. No. 4), i. e. the rule that in many cases a liquid before k, g, d is so slightly sounded that no double consonant is formed, and accordingly has simply been dropped, so that a -j- du (di) bas remained ; e d e, e r d e, breast, b a d u k u, arduku, life. d appears twice in the form of y ; see under No. 3, and compare thej (a known cognate of y) under Nos. 1 and 5. We add that pankti, when meaning the num¬ ber 10, is a Tadbhava of the Dravidian pattu, just as mukta, pearl, is a Tadbhava of muttu, andsukti, curl, a Tadbhava of ■ u 11 u.
 * Here the da appears as du, twice with the Bind
 * r has become j ; see No. 3. kru means also “ river,”
 * enma = en-R ma, this ma being an affix to form
 * In ormba the m is the Bindu.