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 August, 1873.] THE NALADIYAR. 219 • court of a certain prince, who, being a lover of the Muses, treated them with kindness and received them into favour; this excited the envy of the bards who already enjoyed the royal patronage, and in a short time they succeeded so com¬ pletely in their attempt to prejudice their master against the new comers that the latter found it necessary to consult their safety by flight, and, without taking leave of their host, decamped in the dead of night. Previous to their departure each poet wrote a venba on a scroll, which he deposited under his pillow. When this was made known, the king, who still listened to the counsels of the envious poets, ordered the scrolls to be collected and thrown into a river, when four hundred of them were observed to ascend, for the space of four feet, naladi, against the stream. The king, moved by this miraculous occurrence, directed that these scrolls should be preserved, and they were accordingly formed into a work, which from the foregoing circumstance received the name of Naladiyar.” I append a few chapters as specimens of the work. Chapter 1.— Unstable Wealth. 1. Even those who have eaten of every variety of food of six flavours laid before them by their wives with anxious attention, not taking a second portion from any dish, may yet be¬ come poor and go and beg somewhere for pottage. Verily riches are but seeming, not to be considered as actually existing. 2. When by blameless means thou hast acquired great wealth, then eat with others rice imported by oxen, for wealth never remaineth in the centre w'ith anyone, but changes its position like a cart-wheel. 3. Even those who have marched as generals, mounted on the back of an elephant and shaded by the umbrella, when the effect of evil deeds works their ruin, will suffer a change of state, and, while their wives are enjoyed by tbeir foes, will fall for ever. | 4. Understand that these things are un¬ stable which thou deemest stable. Therefore do quickly the duties in thy power to perform if thou wouldst do them at all, for the days of life are gone, are gone, and even now death is come, is come. 5. Those who give alms at once without keeping it back, when anything, however small, has come into their hands, and do not say, Oh, this can be given hereafter, will escape from the forest path in which the cruel but just Yama drags those whom he has bound fast with the rope. 6. The day appointed passes notits bourne; there are none in this world w'ho, escaping it and passing by, have leaped over death and lived. Be liberal, then, ye w*ho have laid up abundant and exceeding wealth. Your funeral drum may beat to-morrow. 7. Death devours your days, using the sun which he metes them. Practise therefore virtue and be compassionate, for such as do not act thus, though they are born, must be esteemed as unborn. 8. Men of but small attainments in virtue, not considering their natural tendency, say, We are wealthy. The greatest wealth may be utterly destroyed and vanish, like a flash of lightning darting in the night from a thunder-cloud. 9. If a man will not eat sufficiently, will not dress becomingly, does nothing worthy of com¬ mendation, will not wipe away the distress of relatives, who are with difficulty to be obtained, and is not liberal, but keeps his wealth to him¬ self, of such a one it must surely be supposed that he is lost. 10. They who, vexing their own bodies by stinting them in food and raiment, perform not acts of that goodly charity which never faileth, but avariciously hoard up what they have gathered together, will lose it all. O Lord of the mountain land which toucheth the sky ! the bees which are driven from the honey they have collected bear witness. Chapter 2.— Unstable Youth. 1. Those who are truly wrise, mindful that grey hairs will come, have become ascetics in youth. Those who rejoice in unstable youth, never free from vice, leaning on a staff will rise up with difficulty. 2. The bonds of friendship are broken, wives have become cold in love, or few, the cords of love are loosened. Consider the mat¬ ter well. What profit is there in the married state ? Oh, it is come, the wail of distress, as when a ship founders ! 3. Those foolish men who give themselves up to lust and cling to the marriage state until their body is an object of disgust to all, their teeth falling out, their gait unsteady, and com-
 * from which they originate as the measure by