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 FEB. 2, 1872.]

63

MISCELLANEA.

ed with any religious rite, a feast to all the villagers being the chief part of the ceremony. The Nagas, so called from the phrase naga or naked, are a lazy and savage race. They go almost undressed, their sole covering being a small piece of cloth tied round the waist. They load themselves, however, with ornaments made mostly of brass wire, shells,

or cowries. An armlet which they wear is peculiar to them though it has now been adopted also by the Kukis.

It is

a brass rod twisted some eight or ten times in the shape of a wire-spring, and fitting tightly on to the flesh between the shoulder and the elbow. They all wear ear-rings of brass wire, and their chief weapon is the spear. They have a

great many deities, one of whom is blind, and he is system atically cheated by his worshippers. He is worshipped at

cross-roads, where the Nagas place large baskets with small

ed by smaller shrines, spreads out in front of the principal entrance. All around lie ruins of temples and houses.

The walls of the latter must have been constructed

of the earthen pots used by the smelters, and the slag re maining after the ore had been extracted. But let us to the mines, which may yet be again laid under contribution by the rulers of Mewar. Giant heaps of refuse point the road to the principal of them. The path leads through the thickest and most beautiful jungle, over rivulets, through defiles, through thickets which electrify the botanist, and dense jungle which afford the huntsman true earnest that royal game is well within reach of his rifle.

The

mines

themselves are mere

clefts in

the solid rock—apparently natural, yet doubtless, super ficial. In some places, attempts at regular work appear

offerings in them, trusting that he judges of the quantity

to have been made ; but, as a rule, the

of the contents from the largeness of the receptacles. It is supposed that the population of the hills in North Kachar

contented with boring only far enough

has accumulated from the successive waves, from the north

natural solidity of the stone would not suffice for the support

side, of fugitive Tatars; and from the south and west sides

of the rock above. Weins of almost pure lead ramify through the primitive rock; whilst beautifully coloured ores of the

from similar waves, of the inhabitants of Chitagong and Tipera, and the plains of India, giving place to conquerors, and retreating into the hills and jungles before them. They

miners were into the hill

to obtain ore without trouble, never venturing where the

mineral sparkle overhead. Silver is obtained in small quantities, whilst gold has been found, it is said, on several

would appear to be either of pure Tatar origin, or an inter mixture of Tatar and Malay. Such are the hill tribes of

occasions. A very short time sufficed to find numerous valuable specimens; no doubt more extended research would

North Kachar and the Barél.—Bengal Times, Dec. 30.

have shown that these mines could be worked with profit. A hundred years ago, in 1760, Jowara alone poured two lakhs of rupees into the Maharāna's treasury. About the beginning of this century an attempt was made to re-work these mines; but it failed—it may have been from an imperfect knowledge of the science of mining, or from the fear that increase of wealth would attract the spoiler from

THE MINES OF MEWAR.

SoME twenty miles from Udepur, towards the south, you enter the beautiful Valley of Jowara, more famed for its mineral wealth than for its natural beauty. Yet, in truth, rarely does one see a more magnificent vale than this.

In

the rains a foaming river roars past a ruined town, temples of hoar antiquity, and many a spot hallowed by associa tions of past heroism and glory. Here it was that the noble Pratāp Singh, the saviour of his country, paused awhile to recruit his strength, ere he made a burst upon the foe, which was as unexpected as it was irresistible; and, as the result, to plant the new standard of his race in the new

capital—the beautiful city of Udepur. Around Jowara, hills, clothed with verdure, rise to a great height on every side ; and the eye is attracted by a picturesque fort, temple, or cenotaph on almost every prominent elevation. Yet, though there are so many indications of a large population, life is wanting ; for Jowara was deserted when the fortunes

of the country fell. At the south corner of the valley stands a temple dedicated to a Devi, a goddess (so her votaries say) of wonderful power; but some are found to own that they have their doubts as to her being present in

this particular shrine in these days of degeneracy and dis sipation. The high priest is there, than whom it would be

the plains. Such a feeling still exists. When these mines were visited, with a view to obtaining some little material

for this letter, they had not been visited by any native for five or six years, although the hill is almost entirely per forated. There the tiger had its lair, and the panther its habitation. Towards the south there are smaller mines, which are better known.

A steep and rugged path winds up the great hill overlooking the

Temple of Kali, crosses a

wall

of

stone of enormous thickness, and finally is lost in a plain which is surrounded by a girdle of other hills, wherein are dug the mines. Traces of walls are to be found all round, and ruins of forts on every promi ment spur. It was here that Pratāp Singh held out when driven from his capital, and here he lived with those trusty followers who still preferred patriotism to ease, un

til the dawn of better days. Aided they were by the trusty Bhills, lords of the Passes and Monarchs of the Wood. In

these caves there were preserved, for generations, the rings and bolts to which the cradles of Pratāp Singh's children

difficult to find one of more clerical cut. But he, with

had been attached ; and even now, the inhabitants of the

doleful countenance, because of glory departed, will assure you, in trembling accents, that the goddess has withdrawn

village on this elevated plain speak of their being there

her patronage from the caste of miners, hence they have

still. Shafts and mines are innumerable. There are traces of steps, walls, and outlets for water which show that more

forgotten their business. Be this true or not, the miners no

attention had been paid to the working—probably because

longer exist—probably enough because they fled when the the ore was not so abundant. Perhaps Pratāp himself open war-cry of the Maratha invader re-echoed through the land. There remains in Jowara a temple which is well worth

the extensive ruins show that he must have had a large host

ed the mines when in exile here. However that may be,

examination. The dome of the anti-chamber is of considera

with him.

ble beauty, and the carving is in wonderful preservation, although the building is close upon three hundred years old. But this is not the oldest temple. At the north-east of the valley stands a temple older than this by a hundred years, and it, too, though standing amid the ruins of the town, is in a good state of preservation. Râmnáth and Bhairavnáth occupy the most prominent positions whilst Hanuman, Ráma's monkey-general, is placed in front, in a posture of adoration. A noble tank, surround

The highest point on the hill commands a magnificent view of the country for many miles around; but more magnificent and grander far is the view from the summit of the Hill of Prasād—ten

miles farther south.

To the north-west and

south stretch ranges upon ranges of “everlasting hills.”

Dungarpur, the capital of the Aharia Prince of Dungarpur, the head of the eldest branch of the royal race of Mewar, is distinctly visible.

Salumbra can also be seen, the chief

town of the descendant of the elder son of a former Rana,