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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.

regular masses. The circumference of the talav, as measured by a perambulator, is 4 furlongs 40 yards. Three sides of it are covered with trees and jungle;

the fourth embraces the south-eastern base of the mountain, which is cut away in a sloping direction. A stone channel or watercourse, formed from a natural fissure in the rock, runs in a direction from NW. to SE. along the centre of the hill, which it divides into two parts. The sides of this channel are very steep, and formed of hard black rock, having a coal-like appearance resembling the crater of a volcano ; the channel itself is deep and hollow. From this channel, in the rainy season, a torrent of water pours down, and is discharged into the tank in the

plain below. It is called by the natives Patalakan dara, and perfectly answers to the description of that place, as detailed by the learned Wilford in the Asiatic Researches ; though he has applied the circumstances to the neighbourhood of Rái mahāl, and the Motijhorna, or pearl cascade at that place.” The mountain Mandara, though in its general features, barren and rugged, is yet occasionally inter spersed with trees and jungle growing out of the fissures on its rocky base and sides. (Nov. 24). The ascent to Mandara is by a winding road or staircase cut in the rock, with land ing-places of rock at intervals. Near the first stair case is a small stone image of the bull Nandi, not badly executed : the head is broken. About 300 yards from the foot of the hill is a heap of ruins, ap parently the remains of a small temple. Adjoining to this the second staircase, consisting of 67 steps,

[FER. 2, 1872.

remains of small temples, to be visited by the pilgrims in progressive ascent to that on the summit. From the last landing place the Chir Nala on the left bore E., the river Chandan on the right W., the mountain Mandara being in the centre between the two. From hence you pro ceed up the sixth range of stairs 11 in number, when, turning round a corner to the N. W., you come to a beautiful enclosure of mango trees, and behold the cistern called Sita Kunda, or well of Sita, being a square enclosure faced on three sides with large stones, the scarp of the rock forming the fourth, and containing sweet and transparent water. This water, issuing from apertures in the rock, flows down the side of the mountain, and is finally discharged into the talaw at the bottom, and from the brightness of its appearance it may truly be called a moti jhorna, or pearl-dropping spring. Here the scenery is romantic and picturesque, the green and flourishing trees forming a most remark able contrast to the black and barren rock near

-

continues the ascent.

All these stairs are excavat

ed from the rock, 3 feet 7 inches in length and 1 foot 8 inches in breadth. On the right hand of the second flight is a colossal figure of Mahākāli cut in the rock. The goddess is bestriding a demon, whom she has subdued in combat ; she is armed with a battle-axe in one hand and a sword in the

other, and has three faces and ten arms, with a mála or necklace of human skulls. . A short distance from this place, continuing the ascent, you meet with a sight extremely beautiful : a natural cascade, which issuing from the spring called Sitá Kunda, flows over the black and rug ged surface of the rock, and discharges itself into the Patala Kandara, or channel below, from whence it is conveyed to the taláv of “Pouphur, at the foot of the mountain. From this place you ascend the third range of stairs, being a flight of 39 steps, and presently after, the fourth which has 101 steps, and then a fifth of 35 steps: the whole forming, as it were, a magnificent natu ral ladder.

In our road up we observed many images and fragments of stone lying scattered on each side of the way, the latter appearing to be the
 * See Asiatic Res. vol. W.

which they grow. A short distance from Sitá Kunda is another

well or cistern, called “Sunkur' Kunda, of a trian gular shape, cut between two parts of the rock, which divides at this place. On the side of this cistern future travellers may recognise a figure of

Shankha cut in the rock.

Close to Shankha

Kunda commences the seventh series of stairs,

consisting of 23 steps, after passing which you come to the well or

cistern

called

Lakshman

Kunda, or well of Lakshman.t. This is situated in a nook of the rock to the eastward; beyond which, by an ascent of 37 steps, you are conducted to the summit of the mountain and the Musudan

Math (or temple) dedicated to Mahādeva. The Patal Kandara, or channel, so frequently men tioned, runs along the north-west side of this temple, and preserves the same features as at the bottom of the mountain, viz. a deep rug ged channel of coal-black rock, of volcanic appearance. Here a magnificent prospect bursts upon the view; the whole range of hills in the Jangal Terai extending from S.E. to N.W., the

Chandan

river and

its numerous

arms

or

malás, and the dark and impervious forests stretching towards the south as far as the eye can reach, altogether form a picture that at once contri butes to warm the imagination and to elevate the mind. Though we viewed the prospect to disad vantage, the weather being hazy, yet the coup-d'oeil made an impression on our minds that will not be easily eradicated. Descending from the summit we returned to Shankha Kunda, and from thence proceeded to view some figures cut in the rock on the north-west side of the hill ; their appear anee was singular. After descending a range of 16 steps, we entered the rocky bed of a watercourse, t See note p. 53.