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ORIENTAL RESEARCH IN 1869-70.

JANUARY 5, 1872.]

while Shākala was the capital of the Madras, who were governed by a king. Sangala is very probably to be traced to Sã n kala, a place mentioned by Pānini (IV-2–75). Sankala was the name of the person who is said to have founded the city. It stands at the head of the group Sankalādi, the second name in which is Pushkala, from whom the city of Paush kala, the ancient capital of G and h a ra, and the Peukalas of the ancient European Geogra phers, derived its name. Sán kala agrees more closely with Sangala than Shākala. If this identification is to be trusted, the occurrence

of the name of Sangala in Pānini, may be taken as a proof of his having flourished before Alexander; for the Macedonian Conqueror is said to have destroyed the city, on which account it must have ceased to exist after him.

Mali i and the Ox y dra kae. The Sanskrit ori

ginal of the former is unknown; and Professor Wilson identifies the latter with the Shu dra

k as of the Purānas.

But there is a rule in

Pän ini (V-3-114) which teaches us to form the singular and dual of the names of warlike tribes in the Panjāb, by adding the termination -ya and changing the vowel of the first syllable to its vriddhi. Of this rule, his commentators give Mál avy as (pl. Mál a y ás) and Ksh a u dra kyas (pl. K S h u dra kās) as instances. We thus learn that the Māl a y á s and K shu dr a kās, were two tribes of warriors in the Pan

jāb. The name Mál a y ás corresponds with Malii, and Ksh u dra kās with Oxy dra kae.

K S h u dra kās is nearer to the latter

than Professor Wilson's S h (ld rak a s.

At the confluence of the Panjāb rivers, Alex

The central province of the Panjāb is called Pa-la-fa-to by Hwan Thsang, transcribed Par vata by M. Julien. General Cunningham pro

ander came in contact with a tribe which is

poses Sorv at a for Parv at a.

he considers a Sanskrit word.

But Parvata

is given as the name of a country by Pånini (IV-2-143) and the group Takshashiládi, (under IV-3-93). In the central and lower Panjāb, Alexander met with two tribes of warriors, named the

called Sambracá or Sabracá. General Cunning ham traces this name to Sam V agri which But we are not

aware of the existence of such a word ; and it has an unsanskrit look about it, meaning as it

does, according to the General, ‘united warriors.” The Sabracae were probably the S h a ub h rey as, grouped along with the Yau d he y a s, W-3–117.

PROGRESS OF ORIENTAL RESEARCH IN 1869–70.

[From the last published Report of the Royal Asiatic Society.] THE Sanskrit series of the Bibliotheca Indica,

which, from various reasons, had for several years made but little progress, has taken a fresh start. Of the Tándya Brähmana three fasciculi have already been issued, and a number of other important works are reported to be in preparation. The Bombay

Sanskrit Series, conducted by the Sanskrit Profes

been taken by the Madras Government to carry into effect the resolution passed by the Government of India in 1868. This, in the opinion of the Council, is the more to be regretted, as the value of Sanskrit MSS. written in the vernacular alphabets of south ern India, is beginning to be better appreciated, furnishing as they do, in many cases, a more cor


 * ors of the Bombay and Puná Colleges, presents

rect text than the Devanāgari MSS of the north,

also a promising aspect, and though of only a few

and supplying, not unfrequently, texts and variant

years' standing, has raised hopes that, with an in °reased staff of well-trained editors, and commen
 * rate support from Government, it may some day

versions which have not hitherto been known to


 * sfully compete with its elder Bengal sister.

ing published by Mr. A. Burnell, of the Madras C.S., in Mr. Trübner's “American and Oriental Literary

The searching for Sanskrit MSS. has also been

exist. The members of this Society cannot have failed to notice the Descriptive Catalogue, now be

Yºur and decided success in several parts of India, ºticularly in Bengal, by the indefatigable Băbu
 * d on during the last year with laudable

Record,” of an excellent collection of Sanscrit MSS. made by himself during his residence in various

" and Keilhorn, the latter of whom has just º classified catalogue, containing little of ,000 Titles of Sanskrit Manuscripts, dis
 * Mitra; and in Bombay by Professors

to know that the portion of the catalogue which he has already published, exhibits several important

8.

parts of the Dekhan. It must be satisfactory to him works, for the most part belonging to the Black

COW

Yajur-veda, which are either entirely new, or of


 * in the southern division of that Presidency.

tº." the Dekhan, are not

the Council cannot, un


 * W Present so favourable a report, as they


 * that any official steps have as

yet

which incomplete MSS. alone have as yet been dis covered in the north. Mr. Burnell (like Sir Walter Elliot, Mr. C. P. Brown, and some few scholars of earlier days) thus shows what benefit a civilian in