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 OCT. 4, 1872.]

295

CAVES OF PITALKHORA.

One says “one day I said softly,– ‘Why do you make such a disturbance in Gop?

Why do you not honour my house with a Visit 7

How much curds, milk, and cream you shall eat.’”

Kesaba hearing said laughing,

“How much water has been mixed in your milk 7”

This last line is a double entendre whose second

meaning may be left to be guessed. A second passage represents the Gopis as in

dignant with Nand for sending Krishna to tend the cattle.—

Keuñ sukha nahin Nanda ghare, ehi

putra jäe brindăbana ku; Karuna hridaya nuhantinirdaya, dhika ehänkara dhanaku !

Keuil bidhātā kalá emanta abichára

Koti lakshmi jāhā sebäku bânchhanti Se kare banaku sanchāra,

What happiness is there not in Nand's house, Yet this boy goes to the cowpens; They are not merciful in heart, but pitiless;

In the matter of grammatical peculiarities it is noticeable that Dinkrishna uses frequently the old plural in e as kumâra, a boy; pl. kumáre. This is very seldom heard in modern Oriya, and never in the classical style. An old-fashioned peasant from the interior of the country may now and then use it. In the modern language the analytically formed plural by the addition of mane is always used as rajá, pl. rājámáne,—kings; in inanimate objects, however, the final e of the termination is dropped, as kantha, wall, kánthamān, walls. There occurs also the old universal Aryan

locative in e as gope, in Gop; pure, in the town. The moderns affix re and would say gopa-re in stead of gope; the affix re is already in use, as are also ku, ru, and the ar or ara of the genitive

in this poem. With regard to the short final a, it must be remembered that it is necessary to express it in writing poetry for the sake of preserving the rhythm, but that in common conversation it is hardly ever heard, and when heard is a short Ö. Dimkrishna knows only the old forms of the personal pronouns which our high-flying modern writers condemn as vulgar.

What god has made this mistake; He whom a myriad Lachmis desire to worship Tramps about the forest.

These are–

I

thou

Nom.

nau

tu

Acc.

mote

Gen.

in Ol'

Fie on their wealth !

&c.

tote tor &c.

The metre is that of the Rāg Kaushiki con

taining four lines to the stanza. The first two

The plural of mu is amhe (pronounced ambhe)

lines consist of twenty-one instants each with casuras at the sixth, twelfth and eighteenth instants, the first two of which rhyme. The third line is of fourteen instants with a single

and that of tu is tumhe (tumbhe) but as the

casura at the fifth ; the fourth line is the same as the two first except that the caesuras do not always rhyme.

learned have taken ambhe and tumbhe into use

as equivalents for I and thou, they have had to make fresh plurals ambhemáne, and tumbhe mdine. Dinkrishna uses only the two first, and always in their proper ancient signification. (To be continued)

THE CAVES OF THE BRAZEN GLEN AND OTHER REMAINS

ABOUT MAUJE PATNA, TALUKA CHALISGAUM. By W. F. SINCLAIR, ASSISTANT COLLECTOR IN CHARGE KHANDESH FORESTS.

About ten miles south-west of the Chalisgaum Station of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway

(N. E. extension) the Sātmala Hills open into a curious valley, included in the limits of the deserted village of Pâtna.

10 or 12 days before, would get nothing in it.

Two miles from Warthán is the gateway of the valley, flanked on the left by steep rocks pass able only by a single foot path, called the Gai Ghāt, and on the right by the old hill fort of

The nearest camping-place is at the village of

Kanhéré. In the sides of the latter are four caves

Warthán, 8 miles on the way, but it is a poor

which I have not had time to examine closely,

little place, and any visitor who had not be spoken the assistance of the district authorities

but I believe them to be all viharas, and of the

sort having stone lotus-headed pillars. They