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LUCAZ‘VOH' CITY. 515

Colin Campbell determined, before undertaking any further offensive operations, to return to Cawnpur with his army, escorting the civilians, ladies, and children rescued from their long imprisonment in the Resi- dency, with the view of forwarding them to Calcutta. On the morning of the 20th of November, the troops received orders to March for the Alambdgh; and the Residency. the scene of so long and stirring .1 de- fence, was abandoned for a while to the rebel army. Before the final departure, Sir Henry llavelock died from an attack of dysentery. He was buried in the Alnmbdgh, without any monument, a cross on a neighbouring tree alone marking for the time his last resting-place. Sir James Outram, with 3500 men, held the Mambjgh until the Commander~in Chief could return to recapture the capital. The rebels used the interval well for the fortiﬁcation of their stronghold to the utmost extent of their knowledge and power. They surrounded the greater part of the city, for a circuit of 20 miles, with an external line of defences, extending from the (idmti to the canal. An earthen parapet lay behind the canal; a second line of earthworks connected the Moti Mnhal, the Mess-house, and the ltntinibirrt ; while the Kaisar litigh constituted the rebel citadel. Stockade w0rks and parapets closed every street; and loopholes in all the houses afforded an oppor- tunity for defending the passage inch by inch. The computed strength of the insurgents amounted to 30,000 Sepoys, together with 50,000 volunteers; and they possessed too pieces of ordnance-guns, and mortars.

0n the 2nd of March 1858, Sir Colin Campbell found himself free enough in the rear to march once more upon Lucknow. He ﬁrst occupied the Dilkusha, and posted guns to command the Martinibre. 0n the 5th, Brigadier Franks arrived with 6000 men, half of them Gurkhas sent by the Réjti of Nepzil. Outram's force thcn crossed the Gumti. and advanced from the direction of Faintbad (Fyzéhﬁd), while the main body attacked from the south-easL After a week’s hard ﬁghting, from the 9th to the tsth March, the rebels were completely defeated, and their posts captured one by one. Most of the insurgents, however, escaped As soon as it became clear that Lucknow had been per- manently recovered, and that the enemy as a combined body had ceased to exist, Sir Colin Campbell broke up the British Oudh army, and the work of rte-organization began. 0n the 18th of October 1858, the Gardner-General and Lady Canning visited Lucknow in'state, and found the city already recovering from the devastation to which it had been subjected.

Pantheon—The Census of 1869 returned the total population of Lucknow, including the cantonrnents, as 284,779. In 188:, the Census returned the population of the city at 239,773, and the cantonments at 21,530; total, 26x,303. showing a decrease of 23,476, or 8': per