Page:The Imperial Gazetteer of India - Volume 2 (2nd edition).pdf/175

 BARODA. the cultivator

165

not usually interfered with as long as he pays his

is

revenue.

The prevailing tenure is rayatwdr'i, where the State collects the revenue without the intervention of a third party. The varieties of this tenure are three rst, When the collection is made in cash assessed

—

on each prevalent measure of land, such as the bighd ; 2nd, When it is made in kind, according to a fixed share of the produce 3rd, When it is made in cash at a certain rate per plough. There are other varieties of assessment adopted over an insignificant area of land among primitive communities, such as assessment by pickaxe. The old system of farming out villages and entire districts has been abolished, except in some exceptional cases. A permanent assessment has been granted to

a few villages.

In cases where the State levies

its

assessments in kind,

fixed beforehand for every class of crop, the

much

is

yielding a

larger share than the cold-season crops, which, again,

pay more

do on

irrigation.

than those of the hot season, depending as these

last

Besides the share in kind, a small rate in cash estimated area of each

holding,

always in favour of the cultivator. ties

share

its

monsoon crops

which

The

is

is

charged on the

often miscalculated, but

State also levies small quanti-

of the produce as contributions towards the expenses of the village,

etc.

The produce

is

either estimated as

actually weighed in the village barnyard,

collected into storehouses

The plough

and sold by

it

stands in the

field,

and the State share

is

or

is

then

officials.

assessment, prevalent in

the eastern

of the

Districts

Navsari (southern) Division, and also in one Sub-division in the central Division inhabited by Bhils and other primitive communities,

—A

is

as

one plough worked by two oxen, and increased if more than two pairs are employed, so that 3 oxen equal plough ; there is no limit to the amount of land the plough may be follows



rate

is

fixed for

passed over. Besides the above, the other prevailing custom, xhenarrud,

sum

assessed on the village from time to time according to

is

its

a

lump

capabili-

settlement is made with the narwdddrs or superior holders, most cases are the descendants of men who established or peopled the village. The founders originally divided the lands and the ties.

who

The

in

village site

stances

work



among themselves according

afterwards they separately

in their respective lands,

the village.

These are now

and

to the exigency of the circum-

and gradually

invited cultivators to

to live in their respective shares of

in law tenants-at-will



but the State would

probably not suffer an old-established tenant to be ousted as a mere tenant-at-will

might be, though, as a rule, no interference is exercised, realize what he pleases from his tenants. The

and the narwdddr may

fruit-trees, grazing, etc.,

often yield a large additional profit, which

is