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 IVAN.

134

and deposits of magnetic iron which abound in the neighbourone of the principal drawbacks is the great scarcity of flux. The whole matter, however, is too extensive to be noticed in a short article, and the reader is referred to vol. iv. of the Siaiisiical Account of Bengal (pp. 107- 13 3) for a full discussion of the subject, which is of very great importance and seriously affects the clay iron

hood, has not yet been settled



future of Raniganj.

—

Administration. It is impossible to compare in a satisfactory manner the revenue and expenditure of the District at different periods, because of the numerous and important changes which have taken place in the constitution and area of the District since its cession to the

Company

of the District from

all

In 1870-71, the total net revenue

1760,

in

amounted

sources

to ;^'388,773,

and the net

expenditure to _;^64,435. Since then, although the area of the District has been materially reduced by transfers to and from Hugli,

civil

Bankura,

and Manbhum

amounted

to

Districts,

The

total

in

1881-82

the

total

revenue

land revenue in 1760 was returned

^243,891 ; in 1881, it amounted to ^303,870, equal to an average payment of f^62 by each of the 4925 estates, or ^48 by each of the 6352 individual proprietors or coparceners. The police of the District, at the end of 1880, consisted of a regular police force of 2 superior and 75 subordinate officers, and 312 constables, maintained at a cost of .;^7982 a municipal force of 12 officers and 213 men, costing and a village watch of 11,861 men, maintained (by grants of ^1995 land, and in some cases also by money contributions from the villagers)

at





at

an estimated cost of ;,(j'24,85i total police force of all kinds, 12,475 and men, equal to an average of one man to every 109 of the

officers

population, maintained at an aggregate cost of ^34,828, equal to 6d.

per head of the population.

There are 17

number of

thdrnis or police

police cases,

‘

stations in the District.

cognisable

’

and

‘

The

total

non-cognisable,’ instituted

during the year, was 5727, in which 3213 persons were convicted. There are 4 jails in the District; the average daily number of 1881, 136, or i person always in jail to every The educational statistics show that much 10,234 of the population. In 1856-57, the progress has been made during the last few years. prisoners was, in

23 schools, with 1681 pupils; 1870-71, the number of schools was 305, and of pupils 12,855 1 the total cost of Government and aided schools in the former year was District as then constituted contained

in

By 1880-81, the number of aided in the latter f^io,6T,o. primary schools alone, under the supervision of the Education Department, amounted to 1228, attended by 36,284 pupils. The unaided

^915, and

inspected schools,

schools

not

yet

numbered under

31,

with

Departmental

1022

pupils.

supervision,

The unaided were

returned