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PAIGIAT TOIMI-PALIALII. 543 contains 3 civil and 3 criminal courts; police circles (thuines), 11; regular police, 134 men. Land revenue (1883), £28,286. Pálghát. - Town in Malabar District, Madras Presidency; station of a Head Assistant Collector and District munsis, and head-quarters of the Pályhát tíluk; situated in lat. 10° 45' 49" N., and long. 76° 41' +8" E., 68 miles cast of Calicut, in the gap in the Western Ghats through which the south-west monsoon finds its way up to Coimbatore District. Population (1881) 36,339, namely, males 17,673, and females 19,666; number of houses, 60$1. Hindus number 30,424; Muhammadans, 4854; Christians, 1061. Pályhát, being the key to Travancore and Valabar from the cast, was formerly of considerable strategic importance, as its fort, built by a Hindu, attests. In 1768 it fell for the first time into British hands, Colonel Wood capturing it in his victorious raid on Haiclar Ali's fortresses. Haidar, however, retook Pálglát and all the other forts a few months later. In 1783 it was again taken by Colonel Fullerton, and in 1790 by Colonel Stuart; and from that time it was the basis of many of the operations against Tipú, which terminated in the storming of Scringapatam (1799). The fort still stands, but is no longer garrisoned. Pilgliát is a busy entrepôt for exchange of produce between Malabar and the upland country. The railway station (distant from Beypur 74 miles) was opened in 1862. Municipal revenue, 1876–77, £1510; in 1883-84, £1547; average incidence, 6d. per head of municipal population. The casy ascent by the Palghát Pass, formerly covered with teak forests, supplies the great route from the south-west coast of India to the interior, and is traversed by the Madras Railway and military road. There are Protestant (Basel) and Roman Catholic Missions. Post and telegraph offices. Palguralapalli. — Village in Badvel táluk, Cuddapah (Kadapá) District, Madras Presidency; 39 miles north by east from Cuddapah town. Population (1881) 2046; number of houses, 445. Hindus number 1754; Juhammadans, 151; and Christians, 141. Pharaoh says that a tope in the neighbourhood has long been a resort of pelicans and of a colony of storks, under the special protection of the inhabitants. Pálhalli.—Village in Mysore District, Mysore State; situated on the right bank of the Kaveri (Cauvery) river, 7 miles by road north of Mysore city, and 3 miles west of Seringapatam. Population (1881) inconsiderable. Until 1871, head-quarters of the Ashtagrám túluk. Pálhalli was for many years the site of the Ashtagram Sugar Works, established in 1847 by Messrs. Groves & Co. The jaggery or inspissated juice produced by the ráyats from their own fields of sugar-cane, was here refined into sugar. The out-turn of sugar was estimated at 50 per cent. of the raw material; of the remainder about 30 per cent. was utilized TILS.