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540 PALANPUR TOIVN. able trade is carried on with Páli, Dholera, Ahmadábád, and Rádhanpur. The Palanpur family is of Afghán origin, belonging to the Loháni tribe, and is said to have occupied Behar in the reign of the Mughal Emperor Humáyún. From Akbar, in 1597, Ghazní Khán, the chief, obtained the title of Diwán for having successfully repulsed an invasion of the Afghán tribes. For his services on this occasion, he was also rewarded with the government of Lahore. The chief who ruled in 1682 received the Province of Jhálod, Sáchor, Pálanpur, and Dísa (Deesa) from the Emperor Aurangzeb. His successor, being unable to withstand the increasing power of the Rahtors of Márwår, was compelled in 1698 to quit the country and retire with his family and dependants to Palanpur, where the family has remained ever since. Firoz Khán, the chief in 1812, was niurdered by his Sindi retinue. His son Fateh Khán applied for assistance to the British Government. A force was accordingly despatched under General Holmes, and Fateh Khán was ultimately, in December 1813, installed as chief of Palanpur. But in 1817 it was necessary, on account of the mismanagement of the State, to coerce the Diwán, and Palanpur was assaulted and taken. The British political connection with the State dates from 1809. The present (1882-83) ruler is named Diwán Sher Muhammad Khán, and he administers the State in person. He is entitled to a salute of u guns, and has power to try any persons except British subjects The chief enjoys a gross revenue of £44,500, and pays a tribute of £4375 to the Gaekwár of Baroda. Land revenue (1882–83), £16,106; excise revenue, £10,062; taxes, £5676; tributes, £3700. The chief maintains, at an annual cost of about £13,000, a force of 294 horse and 697 foot. The family hold a patent or sanad authorizing adoption, and follow the rule of priniogeniture in point of succession. Transit duties are levied in the State. There are 12 schools, with 936 pupils. The State area is now (1885) undergoing survey. In 1882-83, the State expended £1168 on education, £237 on dispensaries, £2134 on public works, and £51 on vaccination. The 11 persons vaccinated in 1882-83 was 2934. The mean temperature is 59° in January and 83° in May. Pálanpur. — Chief town of Pálanpur State, Bonbay Presidency; situated in lat. 24° 9' 58" N., and long. 72° 28' 9" E. Population (1872) 17,189; (1881) 17,547, namely, 8852 males and 8695 females. Hindus number 8030 ; Muhammadans, 6237; Jains, 3243; Parsis, 30; and Christians, 7. Situated 18 miles cast of Dísa (Deesa) cantonment and town, and 83 miles north of Ahmadábád. Palanpur is the head-quarters of Palanpur Political Agency, and the seat of the Diwan or chief of Palanpur State. The town, lying low, is hidden and commanded by a circle of hillocks. It is surrounded by a brick and >UTIO