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P.IB.12. 511 rises in Lake Charanai, near the Barendá Pass, and falls at once over a perpendicular crag in a fine waterfall. The source lies in lat. 31° 22' n., and long. 78° 12' E., at an elevation of 13,839 feet above sea-level. The river flows in a general south-westerly direction, with a very rapid fall, through the most fertile and picturesque part of Bashahr; and finally joins the Tons, in lat. 30° 56' n., and long. 77° 54' E., after a total course of about 38 miles. Pabná (Pubna).—District in the Lieutenant-Governorship of Bengal, lying between 23° 49' and 24° 45' x. lat., and between 89° 2' 30" and 89° 53' E. long. It forms the south-east corner of the Rájsháhi Division, and is bordered along its entire east face by the main stream of the Brahniaputra or Jamuni, and along its south-west frontier by the Ganges or Padma. Area, 1847 square miles. Population (1881) 1,311,728. The administrative head-quarters are at PABXA Toux, but SIRAJGANJ is the first place in the District, both in population and commercial importance. Physical Aspects.—The District lies at the head of the Bengal delta, within the angle formed by the confluence of the Ganges and Brahmaputra. It is entirely of alluvial origin, the nud of the annual inundations overlying strata of clay or sand. Apart from the two great bordering rivers, it is intersected by countless water-channels of varying magnitude, so that during the rainy season every village is accessible by boat, and by boat only. Almost the whole area is one green rice-field, the uniform level being only broken by clumps of bamboos and fruit-trees, which conceal the village sites. The river system is constituted by the Ganges and Brahmaputra, and the interlacing offshoots and tributaries of these two rivers. The Ganges, locally known as the Padma, skirts part of the west and all the south boundary of the District for a total length of 48 miles. Its chief offshoot is the Ichhámatí, which flows through Pabná town and joins the Haráságar, itself a branch of the Brahmaputra. This latter river, here called the Jamuna, fornis the eastern boundary of the District for 32 miles. Its principal branch is the Haráságar, which in turn sends off the Karatoyá or Phúljhur, and joining the Baral and Ichhámatí, ultimately reunites with the Jamuná. Besides these rivers, the whole District is intersected by a network of minor watercourses which are navigable throughout the rainy season, and almost every place in the District is accessible by water during the rains. In the larger rivers, numerous chars have arisen, but no inportant islands have been fomed. Instances of alluvion and diluvion are constantly taking place, and the streams themselves frequently change their courses. Old beds of large rivers abound throughout the District ; some are dry except in the rains, while others contain water throughout the year. There are numerous jhils or marshes, by means of which the surface drainage is carried off