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ORISSA TRIBUTARY STATES. 471 l’rovinces, forming the boundary between the States of Bod and Sonpur. The Brahmani enters the Tributary Statcs in Tálcher, and passes through Tálcher and Dhenkanal into Cuttack District. It is narigable for a few months of the year as far up as four miles below Tálcher, where there are some dangerous rocks, which might, however, be casily blasted. Common jasper abounds, along with other precious stones, in the bed of the river. The Baitaraní rises in the State of Keunjhar, and forms the boundary between that State and Morbhanj for forty miles. In the dry season it is navigable by small boats, but with difficulty, as far as Anandapur, a large village in Keunjhar on its south or right bank, in lat. 21° 13' and long. 86° u'. A considerable trade is carried on at this place, the rural and forest produce brought by land from the southwest being bartered for salt, carried by boats from the coast. The Burábalang rises in Vorbhanj, and has been fully described in The Statistical Account of Bengal (Balasor District, vol. xviii.); which also see for an account of the Sálandi and Subarnarekhá. No important instances of diluvion are known in the courses of these rivers. The banks are generally abrupt, occasionally rising into fine heights, and the beds sandy, with the exception of that of the Baitaraní, which is rocky. Nor have any important islands been formed by the rivers within the Tributary States, but rocks and wooded cliffs have here and there been thrown up in the middle of the Baitarani and the Mahanadi. The banks are generally buried in jungle, but in inany places they might be turned into fertile fields. The Baitaraní is popularly rumoured to have a subterraneous passage, but in reality merely flows through two rocky clefts, called the Cow's lostrils. The rivers form no lakes, and are far beyond tidal range. None of them are fordable during the rainy months, but in the dry season they are all fordable at certain parts of their course. Three towns on the Malánadi subsist by river traffic, namely, Baideswar in Banki, and Padmabati and Kantilo in Khandpárá. These communities carry salt, spices, cocoa-nuts, and brass utensils up to Sambalpur, in the Central Provinces, bringing thence in exchange, cotton, wheat, oil-seeds, clarified butter, oil, molasses, iron, turmeric, tasar cloth, rice, etc. There are also several smaller towns on both banks of the Mahanadi which carry on trade in timber, bamboos, oil-seeds, and other local produce. On the Brahmani the only large villages are Baulpur and Bhuvan, in the State of Dhenkanal, with a thriving river traffic in resin, lac, oil-seeds, etc. All the river banks are partly inhabited by fishermen. The fisheries are of no great value. Minerals. -A coal-field exists in Tálcher, and is believed to exist in Angul and along the banks of the Mahanadi. Limestone and building materials are found in all the States. Iron is found in Morbhanj, Keunthal, and other regions.