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402 NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES AND OUDH. The number of schools of every class under the Department in 1883-84 was 6603, and the number of pupils in them was 246,987. Thus there is a Government aided or inspected school to every 6 square miles of area, while the percentage of scholars among the whole population is '55, that is, 1 out of every 200 people in the united Provinces is under instruction supervised by the State. The returns for primary, indigenous, or other private schools are incomplete, but a return approximately attempted in 1883 gave the number of pupils in such indigenous or other private schools at 68,305. Assuming 15 per cent. of the population to be of school-going age, it appears that 68 per cent. of the boys and 3 per cent. of the girls are actually undergoing instruction in the public schools of the Provinces. Female education is thus extremely backward, The provincial expenditure on instruction during 1883-84, exclusive of cost of direction, inspection, etc. (£45,973) paid out of imperial funds, was £183,521—namely, on Government colleges, £11,537; on high and middle schools, £23,620; on lower (primary) schools, £70,180; on special schools (mostly normal schools), £6867; on aided schools and colleges, £69,533 ; and on unaided institutions by special grant, etc., £1781. The annual cost of each pupil educated in a Government college was £24; the cost to Government in aided colleges was £10, the total cost of a pupil in an aided college being about £32. The pupils at the Muir College, Allahabad, cost £66 each to Government, and about £74 in all; in the Canning College, Lucknow, £15 each to Government, and £38 in all; in the Agra College, £13 each to Government, and £63 in all. The average yearly cost to the State of pupils receiving a higher education is £4 each, and of pupils receiving a primary education, 8s. 6d. each. An analysis of the cost of direction, inspection, and miscellaneous, taken from imperial funds, shows the expenditure on these heads as follows: Direction, £3686; inspection, $22,190; building grants, £11,843 ; miscellaneous, including scholarships, 48252. The total receipts of the Department in 1883 amounted to £65,314-namely, municipal grants, £6141; subscriptions and donations, £30,116; fees, £20,336 ; endowments, 1,8719. European and Eurasian education in the united Provinces is cared for by 26 aided schools for boys and 12 for girls; frec education is provided for the rcally indigent. The male pupils in these schools number 1518, and the female 837. Total cost, £16,392. Generally speaking, education is making steady progress through out the central Gangetic plain, though still very backward in the Himálayan Districts, in Bundelkhand, and in the remoter parts of Rohilkhand and the trans-Gogra tract. As regards higher education, 82 institutions sent up 779 candidates in 1883–84 for the examinations of