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VORTIL-TIESTERI PROVINCES A.VD OUDII. 397 Fatehpur, Cawnpur, and Etawah, sending off a branch to gra, and continuing by Aligarh and Ghaziabad junction to Delhi. A short extension of the East Indian Railway, 12 miles in length, connects Dildarnagar with Ghazipur. From Ghaziabad, the Sind, Punjab, and Delhi Railway takes up the great trunk line to Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, and Saharanpur, and finally crosses the Jumna into the Punjah. The Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway, diverging from the former system opposite Benares, runs through Jaunpur to Faizabád, and thence to Lucknow. I branch runs south-west to Cawnpur; but the main line continues north - west to Shahjahanpur, Bareli, Moradabad, and Saharanpur. The Kumaun-Rohilkhand railway, a private line, connects Bareli with Kathgodam (66 miles), at the foot of the Himalayas, on the road to Naini Tál. Another branch runs south-westward from Chandausi, crossing the Ganges at Rájghát, and joining the East Indian line at Aligarh. The Cawnpur-Achnera line connects the former city with Farukhabad, Hátlıras, and Muttra. From Agra, the Rájputána State Railway diverges to Bhartpur; and a narrow-gauge line connects Muttra and Hathras with the East Indian line, Froin Cawnpur to Faruk hábád, 86 miles, a State railway on the metre gauge has been opened, and more recently extended for a distance of 103 miles to Hathras. The Muttra-schnera line, 23 miles, connects Muttra with Agra city. The Bareli-Pilibhit line has been recently opened, and the Patna-Bahráich metre-gauge railway, 455 miles in length, is in course of construction. Numerous other lines are under construction or have been surveyed. Besides this great ramifying system of railways, the Grand Trunk Road traverses the heart of the Provinces, and other good roads connect the chief towns and villages. The Ganges, Lower Ganges, Eastern Jumna, and Agra Canals are also navigable throughout their whole course. Administration.—The chief governing power rests with the LieutenantGovernor and Chief Commissioner, whose Secretariat staff consists of the Chief Secretary to Gorernment, the Oudh Revenue Secretary, the Junior Secretary (in charge of Finance), and three Under-Secretaries. The administration of the Department of Public Works is under the charge of the Chief Engineer (Buildings and Roads), who is Secretary in the Public Works Department, and of the Chief Engineer for Canals, who is Secretary in the Irrigation Branch. Next in degree come the Commissioners of Divisions, of which there are eleven in the Lieutenant-Governorship. The Commissioner is the direct channel of communication between the District officer and the head of the Government and the Board of Revenue. He also hears appeals from the Collectors and their subordinates in rent and revenue cases, and is invested with large executive and police powers. A Commissioner in the North-Western Provinces has six or seven Districts