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264 NELLORE pagodas. He sealed this compact by putting to death his French allies. During the wars with Haidar Ali, Nellore to a great extent escaped the general devastation. In 1790, on the breaking out of the war with Tipú, the English resolved to undertake the direct management of the revenues of the Karnátik, which had been long pledged to them by the Nawab. Mr. Dighton was appointed the first Collector of Nellore, and Mr. Erskine of Ongole. At the conclusion of peace ipú in 1792, the administration was restored to the Nawab but it was permanently assumed by the British in 1801. Since that date, the only difficulties to be encountered have arisen from the intricacies of the native revenue system, and from periodical visitations of drought. Population.-In 1852, the population of the District was returned at 935,690 persons, on an area of 7930 square miles. In 1862, the number was 999, 254, on an area of 8752 square miles, showing an average density of 134 persons per square mile. The regular Census of 1871 was the first conducted on accurate principles. It revealed a total of 1,376,811 inhabitants. The Census of 1881 returned a population of 1,220,236 souls, dwelling in 9 towns and 1679 villages, and in 233,059 houses. The total area of the District was taken at 8739 square miles. Compared with the Census of 1871, these figures show a decrease in the population of 156,575, or 11°3 per cent., which is accounted for by the famine of 1876–77. The Census figures for 1881 yield the following averages :—Persons per square mile, 139*7; persons per village, 7229; persons per house, 5'2 ; villages per square mile, 0'2; houses per square mile, 29'0. Classified according to sex, there were 615,332 males and 604,904 females; proportion of males, 50'4 per cent. Classified according to age, there were—under 15 years, 224,675 boys and 217,536 girls; total children, 442,211, or 36 per cent of population : 15 years and upwards, 390,657 males and 387,368 females; total adults, 778,025, or 64 per cent of the population. The religious division of the people is as follows:- Hindus, 1,138,031, or 933 per cent. ; Muhammadans, 61,344, or 5'0 per cent. ; Christians, 20,794, or 17 per cent.; and 'others,' 67. The Christians are further sub-divided into 33 Europeans, 320 Eurasians, and 17,289 native converts. In the case of 3152 Christians, their nationality lias not been stated. Distributed according to caste, Brahmans number 56,965; Kshattriyas, 11,305; Shetties (traders), 58,058 ; Vellalars (agriculturists), 418,049; Idaiyars (shepherds), 103,016; Kammálars (artisans), 21,435; Kanakkans (writers), 585; Kaikallars (weavers), 27,895; Vanniyans (labourers), 10,283 ; Kushavan (potters), 13,539; Satánis (mixed castes), 17,708; Shembadavans (fishermen), 20,228; Shanáns (toddy-drawers),