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230 MASIK. carriers, etc., 2897 ; (3) domestic servants, inn and lodging-house keepers, 5234; (4) agricultural and pastoral class, incuding gardeners, 106,095 ; (5) industrial class, including all manufacturers and artisans, 39,542; and (6) indefinite and non-productive class, comprising male children, general labourers, and persons of unspecified occupation, 171,136. Of the 1633 towns and villages in Násik District, 558 contained in 1881 less than 200 inhabitants ; 656 from two to five hundred; 288 from five hundred to one thousand ; 86 from one to two thousand; 27 from two to three thousand; 13 from three to five thousand; 2 from five to ten thousand; 1 from ten to fifteen thousand; 1 from fifteen to twenty thousand; and i from twenty to fifty thousand. The towns with a population over 5000 are-NASIK (24,101); DEOLALI, cantonment (variable, according to troops cantoned en route to Bombay); YEOLA (17,685); MALEGAON (10,622); MALEGAON, cantonment (variable); SINNAR (7960); and IGATPURI (6306); of which places 5 are municipalities. Trimbak, also a municipality, has a population of 3839. The total municipal income of the District (1882-83) is £8795, levied from a municipal population of 70,879, the incidence of municipal taxation being 25. 3d. per head of the municipal population. It is characteristic of the population to collect into small compact villages. Except the village dealers, carpenters, smiths, and a few others, traders and artisans are almost exclusively confined to the towns. The labourers also constitute generally an urban class, inasmuch as there are not many cultivators who are sufficiently well-to-do to employ hired labour. The village houses range in respectability from a three-storied building (vádá) to the ordinary Indian hovel, here called jhopdi. The vidá or mansion consists of a hollow square building, of which the rooms and offices form the four sides, and of which the centre quadrangle, open to the sky, has in a few cases shrubs and a fountain, but more often forms stabling for the cattle. Part of the roof left flat and protected by a parapet serves as a pleasant lounge when the heat of the day is over. On many roofs a few steps will lead to a raised platform commanding a view of the neighbourhood, and open to any breeze that may be blowing. The large central room of the house is used as parlour and dining-room. The smaller chambers are the cooking-room, store-room, lying-in room, and family shrine. The zanána or women's quarters are generally separated from the common dwelling. Furniture is scarce, but it is becoming customary to provide a chair for chance visitors of distinction. A swing is common, and usually there is a wooden bench. Wooden stools and numerous cooking pots complete the equipment. Daily life is much the same among labourers and inámdars, who are the landowners or gentry of the District. All classes rise with the sun and work until noon. Then