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WANAKAL-VAVAL. 187 Birúpa river. The Naltigiri chain has two peaks of unequal height, and bears little vegetation, except a few valuable sandal-wood trees, the only ones found in Orissa. Naltigiri is famous for its Buddhist remains, some of which are in a fair state of preservation.—(For details, sec Statistical Account of Bengal, vol. xviii. pp. 94-96.) Námakal.— Tilluk in Salem District, Madras Presidency. Area, 715 square miles. The area liable to revenue is clistributed as follows :-Government villages, 292,175 acres ; mittah and shrotriem villages, 221,636 acres. The extent actually under cultivation in niyatrodri villages is 104,567 acres, paying £18,959. Kambu on dry and rice on wet lands form the staple cultivation ; but other grain crops, as curigu, ragi, and cholam, are largely grown. Irrigation is carried on from the Kaveri (Cauvery) channels and small rivers, and from 163 tanks, so minor reservoirs, and 6303 wells. Irrigated area, 10,551 acres, assessed at £8167. Population (1881) 254,577, namely, 122,365 males and 132,212 females, occupying 53,949 houses, scattered over 3 towns and 353 villages. Hindus numbered 250,315; Muhammadans, 3386; Christians, 875; and others,' 1. The north-eastern portions of Námakal tóluk are mountainous, and its south-western area is flat. The general aspect is dreary and uninteresting. In 1883 the táluk contained i civil and 3 criminal courts; police circles (thiinás), 11; regular police, 89 men. Land revenue, £34,607. Námakal.- Town in Salem District, Madras Presidency. Lat. 11° 13' 15" N., long. 78° 12' 40" E. Population (1881) 5147 ; number of houses, 1043. Hindus numbered 4540 ; Muhammadans, 581; and Christians, 26. Namakal is the head-quarters of Námakal túluk, and the residence of a Deputy Collector. It is built at the foot of a fortified rock (the Durgam), which rises 300 feet above the plain, and is very difficult of access. This citadel was of some importance in the Mysore campaigns, and its outer walls are still in good preservation. It was captured by the English in 1768, only to be lost again a few months later to Haidar. Namakal is held in much honour by Hindus. Local tradition marks it as the abode of Vishnu. The weavers of Námakal form a numerous conimunity, Namal (Nimal).-Town in Mianwali tahsil, Bannu (Bunnoo) District, Punjab; situated on the eastern slope of the Salt Range, in lat. 32° 40' 15" N., and long, 71° 51' E. Namal is the chief town of the Pakkar iláka or estate, a wild tract of country much intersected ravines. The village lands are irrigated by several hill torrents, which unite close to the town to form the Wáhi nala. The population of Namal was returned in 1868 at 5010, but it is not given separately in the Census of 1831. Dák bungalow. Near Namal are two curious structures shaped like sentry-boxes, and supposed to be dolmens.