Page:The Hog.djvu/106

104


 * H. Atlas—the first vertebra of the neck.
 * I. Vertebræ colli, vel cervicales—the vertebræ of the neck.
 * J. Vertebræ dorsi, vel dorsales—the vertebra of the back.
 * K. Vertebræ lumborum, vel lumbales—the vertebræ of the loins.
 * L. Ossa coccygis—the bones of the tail.


 * a. Scapula—the shoulder blade.
 * b. Humerus—the round shoulder-bone.
 * c. Sternum—the breast bone.
 * d. Ulna—the elbow.
 * e. Radius—the bone of the fore-arm.
 * f. Os naviculare—the navicular bone.
 * g. g. Phalanges, vel ossa pedis—the first and second bones of the foot.
 * h. Phalanges, vel ossa pedis—the bones of the hoof.


 * i. i. Pelvis (ossa innominata)—the haunch bones,
 * j. j. Os femoris—the thigh-bone,
 * k. k. Patella—the stifle bone.
 * l. l. Tibia—the upper bone of the leg.
 * m. m. Tarsus, (one of which is the (N) os calcis)—the hock bones.
 * n. n. Os naviculare—the navicular bone.
 * o. o. Digiti, vel phalanges (ossa pedis)—the first digits of the foot.
 * p. p. Digiti, vel phalanges (ossa pedis)—the second digits of the foot.

As the skull of the hog differs in many respects from that of the horse, ox, sheep, or dog, we shall now proceed to notice those points of difference.

From the point of the occiput to the tip of the nasal bone the profile presents an almost unbroken sloping line. The position of the orbit of the eye is lateral, giving to the animal a side, rather than a forward range of vision. The space occupied by the orbital processes of the frontal bone in the ox and horse, is in the hog supplied by a cartilage. The frontal bones unite together early, and the parietals appear to form but one piece. The frontal sinuses proceed to the occiput, and are only separated from each other by some longitudinal or somewhat oblique bony layers which do not entirely intercept communication: these and the sphenoidal sinuses render the cerebral cavity narrow, in fact the size of it is only half that of the cranium viewed from the exterior. The ethmoid and turbinated bones are larger and more fully developed in the hog than in the ox or sheep, in fact they occupy an intermediate grade between those of the horse and dog, being larger than those of the former, and smaller than those of the latter; they are spiral, complicated, cellular, and offer an extensive surface for the expansion of the olfactory nerve; the ethmoïdal fosset is very much sunk, of moderate size, divided by a very salient crest, and riddled with numerous holes.

The nasal bones of the hog are situated low down in the face, flattened, and well adapted to the situation and wants of the animal. They are attached to the frontals in a slightly curved direction across the face, by a strong denticulated suture. All communication between them and the lachrymal bones is cut off by the interposition