Page:The Harveian oration 1866.djvu/33

 beasts of the field—below all, except their own brutal keepers.

It is difficult to realise, that this state of things was common in civilized Europe at the close of the last century; and that little more than fifty years ago it had not been wholly abolished in this very town—in the metropolis of the land, where Howard had long before rescued the worst felons from such misery and degradation. And all this suffering and humiliation heaped upon poor creatures, whose only fault was the most terrible and grievous of human afflictions!

Honour to those whose wisdom and courage changed all this! who opened men's eyes and hearts to its folly and its shame!

The honour of the first step is due to Tenon, who published in 1786 the first suggestions for an humane and gentle treatment. Daquin went further. In an Essay on Insanity (v), written in 1791, and dedicated to Humanity, he not only condemned cells and chains, but recommended good diet, fresh air, exercise and occupation. He urged the advantages of rational and moral treatment, and of gentleness mingled with firmness. He had tried these remedies in the Asylum at Chambery,