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36 especially those Fellows who are junior to myself, to emulate, according to the varied talents entrusted to each, the example of Harvey in these three particulars:—

(i.) In investigation by experiment, whether in Pathology or Physiology.

We have now difficulties unknown to Harvey in carrying out this duty, for duty it certainly is, incumbent upon all who have the opportunity and the necessary training. The countless experiments on living animals which were carried out during the 17th century in all civilised countries—in Italy, Holland, Denmark, France, Germany, and England—bore a rich fruit of physiological knowledge. If the anatomy of the human body was thoroughly ascertained by the great men of the 16th century, by Vesalius, Sylvius, and their successors, it is no less true that to the 17th century is due the discovery of the elements of