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The Legal World the appointment of Mr. Justice Rugg to be Chief Justice. It has been pointed out that only two judges of this court have ever been connected with the facul

ty of Harvar

Law School. They were

Oliver Wendell Holmes, who was ap pointed Professor of Laws in 1882, short

ly afterward resigning to become a Jus tice, and John Lathrop, who was an

instructor in the Law School. Joseph Story, who was Professor of Law at Harvard, 1829-1845, and Justice of the federal Supreme Court, 1811-1845, never sat on the supreme bench of the

state. William J. Forsaith, senior Associate Justice of the Boston Municipal Court, has resigned, at the age of seventy-ﬁve. He had been on the bench of the Muni cipal Court since 1882.

Students and lawyers interested in Continental legal literature will be grate ful to the Library of Congress for the announcement that a series of Guides to the Law and Legal Literature are being prepared by the Law Librarian, Edwin M. Borchardt. The ﬁrst, to be issued in October or November, will deal with Germany, and a second and a third, deal ing with Austria and France, will be pub lished by the Library of Congress at intervals of four or ﬁve months. The object is to furnish American lawyers with some idea of European legal con cepts and in a modest way to prepare for them what Jelf, "Where to Find the Law," is to English lawyers. An unre vised portion of the “Critical Survey of German Legal Literature" is printed in the annual bulletin of the Comparative Law Bureau of the American Bar Asso ciat on. The charges will be small, probably not more than 15 or 25 cents for each guide.

Professor 0. F. Lewis, secretary of the Prison Association in New York, has written an unsparing criticism of penal methods and institutions in New York. He ﬁnds the situation there “deplorable."

One night in September he found at the Jefferson Market Prison four cells in each of which two men were sleeping, though there was only one cot between them. On the same evening in the

Night Court on East Fifty-seventh street the prison connected with it was so crowded that in several cells ﬁve or six men were conﬁned so closely as to forbid anyone lying down unless upon the ﬂoor. At the Criminal Courts building there are prison pens in which persons not yet convicted are held for hours pending their appearance at some part of the Court of General Sessions. These pens are smaller than the cattle car of a freight train, but on Fridays, the big day of the week, from ﬁfty to seventy-ﬁve persons, mostly young men, are fre quently packed into them. "No more improper or wretched preparation for a court trial could, it seems to me, be im agined than this,” says Professor Lewis. "Fortunately, our foreign visitors to the International Prison Congress last fall were not shown this pen." Professor Lewis's criticism has greater weight for the reason that he lately concluded an extended tour of observation through Belgium, Holland, Germany, England and Scotland, during which he visited about forty prisons, and not in a single instance did he see more than one pris oner in a cell. {Bar A ssocialions California. —— The California Bar As sociation will hold its next annual meet ing at Sacramento, Nov. 13-15. Among

the speakers will be President Lynn Helm of Los Angeles, Judge Burnett of the District Court of Appeal of Northern