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The Green Bag

"The department needs more than the present ﬁve hundred plain clothes men assigned to the central oﬂice. Police captains should have a limited power to use men in plain clothes to re press disorder and apprehend roughs. in some parts of the city policemen should have a freer use of their clubs." Procedure. “The Reform of the Law and of the Lawyer.’ By Prof. Andrew Alexander

taining the beneﬁts of private ownership while doing away with its disadvantages." See Regulation of Rates.

Bruce.

73 Central Law Journal 76 (Aug. 4).

road Commission, now member of the Interstate

“There is nothing. . . in the Constitution of the United States which either directly or impli

Commerce Commission, indicates a number of the diﬂiculties which have arisen in disputes between public service corporations and local authorities. His paper, however, is not a

edly commands that the old distinctions between

the technical form and the methods of pleading of suits at law and of actions in equity, shall be maintained. The judges who have so held or intimated, have done so merely because of their

inability to distinguish between the form and

Regulation of Rates. "Central Utilities Commissions and Home Rule." By Balthasar H. Meyer. Political Science Review, v. 5, p. 374 (Aug.). The former chairman of the Wisconsin Rail

mere argument for centralization, as he oon

siders that the problems of regulation should be faced candidly, with the endeavor always to dis cover what ofgcontrol. a encies are best ﬁtted to carry out the system

the substance, between the remedy which is

sou ht and the method in which the request is

“Rates for Public Utilities."

By J. Maurice

ma e. .. . The onl difference,indeed,between

an action at law an a suit in equity is that in the former damages and sometimes the possession of personal property are sought to be recovered, while in the latter a change of status may be brought about or a wrong may be prevented. Even in the latter damages may be recovered, and the distinction is entirely ignored in the so called extraordinary legal actions. The Consti tution merely says that the federal courts shall have jurisdiction of actions at law and of suits in equity, that is to say, of all actions. nothing as to the form of the action."

It says

"Criminal Procedure in France and England." By Léon de Montluc. 12 Journal of Comparative Legislation, pt. 1, p. 157 (July). Mainly concerned with details of the French system, its advantages over the English in spe

ciﬁc matters being incidentally considered. “German Courts at Work." By Julius Hirsch feld. 12 Journal of Comparative Legislation, pt.1, p. 149 (July). A short account of the organization and procedure of German courts. “The Bankruptcy of our Legalism." By Igno tus. Westminster Review, v. 176, p. 191 (Aug.). “It is no exaggeration to say that the diﬁerence between the abuses of our legal system, and those of its offshoot in America, is one of degree, not of kind.

In America most, in this country many,

criminals escape punishment." Public Utilities. "Aspects of Public Owner ship." By Sidney Brooks. North American Review, v. 194, p. 356 (Sept.). “In the United States — or so at least it ap

pears to a foreign onlooker —the private man agement of public utilities has displayed both its greatest strength and its greatest weakness; it has won there triumphs such as it has gained nowhere else, and it has also developed abuses that go considerably beyond the experience of Europe- What the world expects from Americans, so far as this problem is especially concerned, is that they will demonstrate the possibility of main

Clark.

American Economic Review, v. 1, p. 473

(Sept.). Discussing the making of a cost schedule which would do away with uniform charges for gas and other public utilities. Differential rates should be extended to other services besides those of railways and electricity. A suggestive study is made of various electric rate systems. “Street Railway Rates, with Special Reference to Differentiation." By G. P. Watkins. Quar terly Journal of Economics, v. 25, p. 623 (Aug.).

“The problem of a proper standard for rush hour service should be regarded in its relation to differentiation. Crowding during the rush hour should be deﬁned by reference to prime costs as well as to hysical conditions. Most important of all, the limit of carriage to residence districts distant from the business centre should be determined by a rather reﬁned application of doctrines of prime cost and of secondary proﬁts, and as regards the surface lines, with reference to the self-limiting nature of the service." See Public Utilities. Roman Law.

See Succession.

Self-Defense. “The Function of Private Defense in the Repression of Crime." By Prof. Giulio Q. Battaglini. 2 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 370 (Sept.). “I have said that the citizen has an ethico social duty of self-defense. Does morality then approve the taking of life? Not at all. But morality does impose the duty of combating crime with every available means, and in this end even the taking of life is justifiable." State Insurance. "National Health Insur ance in England and Germany." By E. _I. Schuster. 12 Journal of Comparative Legisla~ lion, pt. 1, p. 11 (July). Describes the English bill in detail, criticizes it at length, and concludes with a comparison with the German scheme.