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is doing well. Democracy does not aim to pro duce a government as com lete and regular and satisfying to the cultivat mind as possible; it aims to produce a government somewhat loose and dirty, in which the citizens are great as indi viduals. Remember that a republican govern ment is a continuous education. and you will not expect to ﬁnd in it the virtues of a graduation ceremony. You will expect to ﬁnd the children kicking out u n all sides, overturning things the moment t ey begin to run smooth, forever putting up irrelevant questions, and in general making that being accom lish. it lfaptligrle1' is an nothing thing II‘! isthis world that ooks like a complete ailure, it is a successful kinder arten. And much the same thing is true 0 a successful experiment in self-govern ment. The success is inside of individuals. It is happiness, and experimental knowledge, and mora independence, and humility." “Political institutions in Liberia." By George

"Not long ago I was the guest of_a large ‘club in New York, devoted to economical subjects

and interests. and was an interested listener to several speeches which found their_common inspiration in the belief that arbitration could be substituted for war in all cases. . . . Much stress was laid by one of the speakers upon lb; opinion dent of expressed an American to him university, by a well-known that no one presi: 0!

the wars in which the United States has bet}! involved could not have been avoided. Thisii one of those remarks which says either too little or too much. If it is meant that In each in stance, if both parties had been reasonable and righteous in their acts, there

need not_ have

been war, too little was said. No onemll d15 pute the assertion so qualiﬁed. If it IS meant that, things being as they actually_were. “I could have been avoided, too much is_aﬂ5rme¢ considered Doubtless opinions matter of mayopinion, differ, and but this as such may It may be discussed.

W. Ellis, F.R.G.S., K.C. American Political Science Review, v. 5, p. 213 (May). Income Tax Amendment. See Taxation. Insanity. See Juvenile Delinquency. international Arbitration. "Wanted — An International Police." By Rear-Admiral Casper F. Goodrich, U. S. N.

Nineteenth Century, v. 70,

meant that an arbitral court could have settled these disputes upon legal grounds. the fePlY_‘§'

that, in one of the two principal causes which

led to the War of 1812, Great Britain. wink maintaining priety of its the action, necessity admitted and itconsequent to be without Pm‘

P- 24 (J uly) “Suppose some strong

"Of the Mexican War I have no compete“t knowledge; but with the War of 1812, with ‘he conﬂict of views and interests which led to the War of Secession, and to a somewhat less deg"? with the War of Spain, I am familiar. “ 1t is

Government

whose

sanction in law.

An arbitral court could have

motives are above suspicion, which has nothing to gain by the new order of things, after recog nizing existing boundaries on the principle of 1411' passidetis, and likewise recognizing the right of every country to regulate its affairs in its own fashion within those boundaries, were to invite the other strong nations to unite in threatening to intervene jointly on the side of any Govern ment which agreed to submit international diﬂ‘erences to The Hague should hostilities be come imminent, and against the other refusing so to submit its case? The Hague tribunal

justification of the war; a course which alien?!

would then become a real court, with a visible

59 (July).

and overwhelming police to compel acceptance of its judgments even against a party in absentia. The matter in question would be adjudicated on its merits, even if one party obstinately refused to appear in court, and the decision would stand.

in some such manner as this the dream of the two young men who, many years ago, pondered

over this great problem, may yet come substan tially, if not exactly, true. The suggestion is at least in consonance with the growth of the nation from its origin in the family. That nations should ever be willing to give up their right of private vengeance seems to the majority of per sons today absurd and fantastic in the extreme. In the same spirit their great-grandfathers scouted the idea of abandoning the duel as not in keeping with a proper sense of honor, but swords are no longer worn and gentlemen realize that dis race lies in their own words and deeds, not in w at others say of them." "Diplomacy and Arbitration, II." By Rear Admiral A. T. Mahan, U S. N.

Review, v. 194, p. 124 (July).

North American

aﬁirmed no more. In 1861 a like 3l’blt_l’3tl0n' whatever its result in conceding or denying the right of secession, would have maintained slaYerl' in existence for generations longer, for the UH" States Government did not allege slavelfy 35;

many warm foreign sympathizers. Abollm‘li1 was a war measure pure and simple. It C031 never have been a result of legal arbitration

“The Permanent Court at The Hague." BY Dr. Algernon S. Crapsey. 18 Case and CMW'” “The Permanent Court at The Hague is "0" and under the circumstances cannot be. other than an arbitral tribunal. It has no POWFY, m compel the defendant in an international lrﬂga' tion_ to plead before it, nor can it compel eitllﬂr of There the iscontending as yet no police partiespower to accept behind itsthe dew” C05“? to gation enforce which its commands. plead at its The bar parties are there m 11"‘ by mutual consent, and, when decision is rendered'

it is the same mutual consent that makes the decision binding. It may be said that a court 90 situated is just no court at all. It goes thin!!!‘1 the motions of judicial life without being alive‘ It is of the very essence of the court that it can

enforce its decrees.

But while it is true thal

this court has at present no physical power to sustain its judgment,it is of an immense moral power. It has be ind it the moral fol’Ce of the world.

It is an established organ of W01‘id

0 inion. Any nations who have consented 10 he Hague Convention establishing the com:t who shall henceforth refuse to submit the"