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Index to Periodicals by less scrupulous members. The trust in America replaced the pool. In Germany any disregard of the syndicate contract is almost certain to be discovered and penalized. The continued disregard of syndicate contract obligations would probably bring about the ﬁnancial ruin of the delinquent." “Normal Corporations vs. Continental Mo nopolies." By R. M. Benjamin. 11 Phi Delta Phi Brief 65 (Mar.).

Describing the methods of some outdoor risons, such as the Ohio State Reformatory at ansﬁeld, the Guel h Prison Farm in Ontario, the Cleveland (0.) rrection Farm, the penal colony at Merxplas, Belgium, and the model prison farm at Witzwil, Switzerland. "Witzwil, a Successful Penal Farm." By Prof. Frank A. Fetter, Cornell University. Survey, v. 25, p. 761 (Feb. 4). A readable description of the Swiss model

"Industrial monopolies are, to say the least,

undesirable persons."

The writer favors an

anti-monopoly amendment to the Constitution,

as they cannot be reached by the interstate commerce clause. See Corporations. Newfoundland Fisheries Case. "The Hague Tribunal." By Sir Allen Aylesworth 31 Canadian Law Times 144 (Feb.). An address delivered before the Ontario Bar Association. A discussion of the decision ex amined under a variety of aspects, particularly as affecting Canada. Panama Canal Fortiﬁcation. "Fortify the Panama Canal." By Rear-Admiral A. T. Mahan, U. S. N. 193 North American Review

penal institution.

See Juvenile Delinquency. Peonage. See Contract Labor Law. Police Power. See Administrative Law. Political Parties. "A Criticism of Two Party Politics." By j. N. Larned. Atlantic, v. 107, p. 289 (Mar.).

A very competent discussion of the evils inci dental to our two-party system. The writer thinks that some of the more malignant develop ments of the party spirit, due to senseless divi sions on questions left wholly to religious and political bigotry, perhaps belong to the past, and surely one might wish it were so. In deal ing with the questions of reconstruction, of

protective duties and of money, the inherited 331 (Mar.).

An argument for fortiﬁcation, based on con siderations of military expediency and the safe guarding of peace. Partnership. "Joint and Several Liability of Partners." By Francis M. Burdick. 11 Columbia Law Review 101 (Feb) Professor Burdick has written a luminous sketch of the growth of the modern doctrine of 'oint and several liability of partners from its ginnings in the common law, the law merchant

and equity.

The equity rule, which is but a

continuation of that of the law merchant, pre

vails in about three-fourths of our American jurisdictions. Professor Burdick's article is mainly inspired by the decision of the New York Court of Appeals in Seligman v. Friedlander (N. Y. 1910, 138 App. Div. 784, 123 N. Y. Sup. 583). He considers the construction of thesixth section of the partnership law (Consolidated Laws, v. 3, p. 2522) not only to have been reactionary in that it placed New York among the minority of states by so overruling the plain intent of the statute as to make the obligation of coners joint and not several, but also to have n based on the erroneous view that at common law the creditor could take out execu tion against a single partner only when the roperty held jointly was insufﬁcient to pay the rm debts. Professor Burdick thinks that if the rule regarding joint and several liability in contract is thus to be changed, the reasoning

two-party idea, in its actual realization in American litics, has had this effect, we are

told, "to eaden public opinion as a political force, and to engender the senseless party spirit in its place." The Continental division into three parties, those of the Left, the Right, and the Centre, is better ﬁtted to 've expression to the chief shades of political lief. In this country there have always been three attitudes on the tariff, one proceeding from intelligentl formed opinion, one resting on ill-consider

,

hasty conclusions, and one dictated purely by self-interest. A three-party system would have furnished better opportunity for instructing ignorance and combating selﬁshness. "Now there appear some glimmerings of encourage ment to the hope that our politics may yet develop a Centre, with its Right and Left wings,

disjointable from necessary connection with the extremes of Right and Left." Practice. "The Practice of Law in Quebec Province, Canada." By Howard S. Ross. 9 Michigan Law Review 317 (Feb) This articles covers the interesting sub'ect of aw ractice and British under tradition the system which of is mingled in force in rench the rovince of Quebec. The Quebec civil code as been highly praised and is closely akin in its origin to the civil law of Louisiana.

The cus

toms and etiquette of the legal profession in Quebec will interest the American lawyer be cause they are so different from his own.

of the court if consistent should likewise change the common law rule of joint and several lia

bility in tort. Penology. “The Outdoor Treatment of Crime." By Harris R. Cooley. Outlook, v. 97, p. 403 (Feb. 25).

Procedure. "The Cry for Law Reform." By Robert C. Smith. 20 Yale Law Journal 292 (Feb) "That procedure should be simpliﬁed requires no argument.

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