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 Index to Periodicals "Public Defense in Criminal Trials." By Prof. Maurice Parmelee, University of Missouri. 1 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 735 (Jan.). A striking paper, as may be seen from this extract: "The logical sequel to public defense would, I believe, be free civil justice; that is to say, the employment of attorneys by the public for the pleading and defense of civil cases. There is no more equality before the law for rich and poor in the civil courts than there is in the criminal court, for the possibility of winning his case, however much in the right he may be, for the plaintiff or defendant in a civil suit,

de nds very largely upon his ability to secure e cient counsel. There will not be justice for all until both criminal and civil procedure is made free." "Reform of Criminal Procedure." By M. C. Sloss, Justice of California Supreme Court 1 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 705 (Jan). "I believe the constitution should be so amended as to give the higher courts power, in criminal appeals, to review questions of fact

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money at their command may get'the greatest number of experts and the most expensive ex perts, the court should have the right: (1) to prescribe a list of eligible men; (2) to limit the number to be called, and (3) to ﬁx the compensa

tion. No witness in any case should have a contingent fee.” Federal and State Powers. “Powers of Regu lation Vested in Congress." By Max Pam. 24 Harvard Law Review 77 (Dec.). This article will be found to contain an able argument for federal incorporation, the subject

bein viewed in the light of recent decisions of the nited States Supreme Court. Freedom of Speech. "Criticism of Courts by Lawyers and Laymen." By W. J. Fitzpatrick.

1o Phi Delta Phi Brief 187 (]an.). "It is the well-known duty of every citizen, regardless of his calling or profession, to aid the courts in the administration of justice, and de

determine whether or not any error of law, or

fend the courts in the fearless performance of their duty." Government. “Law and Force." By W. G. Hastings. 10 Columbia Law Review 740 (Dec.). Delightfully stimulating, though hardly any argument is needed to prove that Korkunov is

any omission, has, in the judgment of the court,

right and Tolstoi is wrong, as to whether the

worked a substantial injustice to the appellant. If it is found that no such injustice has been done, the conviction should stand. . . . "The three-fourths rule has the great advan tage of permitting a verdict, notwithstanding the opposition of one or two stubborn or corrupt men who may have gotten into the jury box. I see no reason why this rule should not work equally well in criminal cases. . . . "If, in any situation outside of acourtroom, a person is accused of wrongdoing, the ﬁrst thought of the accused is to demand an explanation of the circumstances which have created suspicion. If such explanation is refused the natural infer ence is that of guilt. Why should not the mental processes that inﬂuence thought and action in other relations of life have weight in criminal trials?" Diplomacy. "American Inﬂuence on japan ese Diplomacy." By Masujiro Honda. Editorial

law is or is not founded on force. Mr. Hastings quotes Korkunov:— "Inadmissible is the law which is supported completely and exclusively by constraint alone; inadmissible a state of things where no one fulﬁls voluntarily his juridical duty, where it is neces sary to constrain everybody to obedience of the law. It is inadmissible because what power is there to be charged in such case with exercising the right of constraint?" The writer adds: "Constraint of some sort is inevitably asso ciated with human laws: but is it wholly, or predominantly, or, necessarily, in anly degree, a merely physical constraint? . . . t may be granted that uniformity of social action will be enforced more or less thoroughly by the same forces which first inaugurated the establishment of that uniformity and that force is among those means. But it is not the only, nor by any means the strongest, one at the command of the social body, and it is nothing less than a libel upon its rules to make their connection with brute force the test or basis of their validity. "It is a libel also upon the human nature which in all ages and climes has required that brute force, if it must be used by the body politic for urposes of self-preservation, shall at least be subjected to the rules of law." "Judicial Legislative Estoppel." By R. Mason Lisle. 22 Yale Law Journal 110 (Dec.). If a corporation adopts amendments to its charter which are not authorized and in pursu

as well as of law, to the extent necessary to

Review, v. 3, p. 1229 (Dec.).

The ﬁrst of a series of three articles, this one covering the period from the o ning of the country to the overthrow of the eudal govern ment. Employer's Liability. See Workrnen's Com pensation. Evidence. See Expert Testimony. Expert Testimony. “Needed Reforms in the Law of Expert Testimony." By E. F. McDer mott. 1 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 698 (Jan). "lt seems to me clear that the legislature has the power (1) to regulate the selection or calling of experts or opinion-witnesses and (2) to regulate their compensation. . . . As litigants with most

ance of such amendments enters into contracts,

the court, if it carelessly upholds such con tracts instead of declaring them ullra mres, is estopped from future denial_of the power of the corporation to negotiate similar contracts. This is what the writer means by judicial legislative