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Index to Periodicals Iarrlogc and Divorce. “Divorce for the Poor." By Stephen Reynolds. Fort nightly Review, v. 88, p. 487 (Sept.). See Juvenile Delinquency. Nomination Bolorm. "The Spirit of Democracy;

XI,

Should Govern?"

In

Government-Who

By Lyman Abbott.

Onl

look, v. 96, p. 71 (Sept. 10). Dr. Abbott considers the plan for nomina tion reform urged by Governor Hughes on the Legislature of New York State to be more likely than any other yetmproposed to secure party organization and e ciency and at the same time to put nominations under demo cratic control. Old Age Pensions. “Old Age Pension Schemes: A Criticism and a Program." By P. Spencer Baldwin. Quarterly journal of Economics, v. 24, p. 713 (Aug.). The writer was secretary of the Massachu setts Commission which recently, after a careful study, reported adversely on old age pensions, and he has utilized much of the material gathered by the Commission in its investigations. His legislative program con templates: (1) the establishment of retire ment systems for public employees based on the princi le of contribution by such em ployees; 2) the institution of contributory retirement systems by corporations and large employers; (3) extension of the agencies, public and private, affording opportunity or old age insurance; (4) prevention of needless old age disability; (5) establishment of state commissions to furnish information and advice to employers and employees and to direct the appropriate agencies. Penology.

"Adult Probation, Parole, and

Suspended Sentence." Report of Committee C of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, Wilfred Bolster, chairman. 1 journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 438 (Sept.). Probation methods here receive extended and illuminating discussion. The committee ﬁnds the results of such methods, “for lack

of data, not yet capable of scientiﬁc and accurate statement." But the system seems to have accomplished a large saving in the cost of maintenance of penal institutions, and the prevention of waste in productive power and of the burden of supporting con victs is “of still greater economic value." The following conclusions are offered :-— “1. We a prove of adult probation when coupled wit thorough supervision by com petent officers and w en applied consistently with public safety to those cases in whic there 15 a reasonable prospect of reform. “2. We approve of the suspension of sen tences to imprisonment when coupled with like supervision and limitations. "3. We approve of a wider use of the

suspended sentence of ﬁne to avoid the alternative of imprisonment for non-payment. “4. We approve of state supervision of probation and parole work. "5. We recommend securing intensive studies of probation and parole methods and results." “Anglo-American Philosophies of Penal Law; II, Punitive Justice." By Prof. Westel Woodbury Willoughby, Johns Hopkins University. 1 journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 354 (Sept.). This discussion, extracted from chapter X of Prof. Willoughby's "Social Justice," is very thorou h in its examination of the retributive t eory of punishment, and that subject has robabl never been treated with keener a ysis. he alternative theories, which are classed as “utiIitar-ian," namely, the preventive, deterrent, reforrnative, and educative theories, are declared to overlap,

and do not come in for the same minute dis cussion. The review of notable theories of penology is broad in its range. This production rs a most valuable statement of the principles which

should

underlie

punishment,

and

embodies up-to-date conclusions of penal philosophy. “Criminal Law Reform." By Frank H. Norcross, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada. 1 journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 386 (Sept.). The reform of criminal rocedure is here viewed as a less serious pro lem than that of so dealing with crime that the number of those in our criminal institutions will be diminished. “We should have a uniform system throughout the country both as to criminal procedure and as to methods of dealing with offenders against the law." Till this comes about there will be a great deal of wasted effort. This writer is a ﬁrm be liever in probation and parole, and he thinks that the probation system should be extended to adult offenders. “Justice." A Play. By John Galsworthy. American Magazine, v. 70, p. 585 (Sept), p. 819 (Oct). This is Mr. Galsworthy's play written for the purpose of illustrating the_ inhumanity of the prevailing system of administering the criminal law. See p. 646 supra. See Children's Courts, Criminology, Dis charged Prisoners. Polico Administration. “Principles of Police Administration." By Richard Syl vester, Chief of Police, Washington, D. C. 1 journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 411 (Sept.). This is an admirable presentation of what can be accomplished, aside from the mere routine duties, be rfunctory the police performance ofﬁcer with anofenlightened sense 0 his responsibilities to society.