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 598

The Green Bag

Gaynor, Mayor of New York City.

Century,

the International Naval Conference of London

v. 80, p. 663 (Sept.).

_will be, I venture to assert, ever memorable in the annals of international law as having

Mayor Gaynor here lays down the principles which are guiding him in facing the problems of municipal government-such principles as those of honesty and competency in the

framed two complete and admirable codes of the law of Blockade and Contraband, and as having established on sound principles the important rules relating to Compensation and the Resistance to Search."

civil service,

concentration on local issues

in elections, and a belief in the intelligence of the foreign-born voters of New York. “Municipal Non-Partisanship in Opera tion." By James Creelman. Century, v. 80, p. 667 (Sept.). The gains of the ﬁrst six months of Gaynor's administration are here said to have included not only the masterly suppression of ft, but to have resulted in a saving of mi lions to a city spending over $200,000,000 a year. Maritime Law. "The Declaration of London." By Rt. Hon. Arthur Cohen, K.C. 45 Law Journal 523 (Aug. 6.) Read at the Conference of the International Law Association. This learned jurist, whose connection with the Alabama case will be recalled, thus summarises his views:

"I. I think the article relating to the destruction of neutral prizes on ht to have contained a proviso to the effect t at .he mere

fact of the cruiser being unable to provide a prize crew should not justify her destruction, and I also think that the bona ﬁde and out and-out sale of merchant ships in contempla tion of or during war should be allowed. . . . "II. The Declaration of London contains two complete and admirable codes of the law of Blockade and Contraband. "III. The provisions in the Declaration may be considered on the whole, as

526 (Aug. 6).

‘A summary of the criticisms contained in his paper read before the International Law Association. Many of the criticisms are unfavorable, though the learned author approves of the harmony and unity brought about by the Declaration in place of the con fusion and uncertainty of hitherto conﬂicting rules. "The Declaration of London." By Norman Bentwich. Fortnightly Review, v. 88, p. 327 (Aug).

A readable summary of the main features of the Declaration, which "not only marks a stage in the histor of the law of neutrality, but is a step in the ‘ ederation of the world.’" Negro Problem. “The American Negro as a Political Factor." By Prof. Kelly Miller. Nineteenth Century and After, v. 68, p. 285 (Aug)

The Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences of Howard University, Washington, D. C.,

strongly urges the elevation and puriﬁcation of the negro suffrage, as the only solution of the problem of the negro in politics.

or as

they go, partly a very able exposition of existing laws, and partly a very fair and equitable compromise of dive ent views. "IV. But the Declaration of ndon leaves the following three important uestions unsettled: (a) Is the rule of 1756 to 2 main tained? (b) What constitutes the enemy character of the owner of goods on board merchant ships?

“The Declaration of London." By Sir John Macdonell, C.B., LL.D. 45 Law journal

(0) In what circumstances

and subject to what conditions should the conversion on the high seas of merchant ships into warshi s be allowed? "V. It w' 1 be for His Majesty's government and Parliament to determine whether, with

a view to the immediate establishment of the International Prize Court of Appeal, these three questions should be left to be decided by that court, in accordance with the principles 0 justice and equity, or whether the existence of that Court shall be deferred until these questions shall have been settled by means of diplomatic negotiations or at another International Naval Conference. I doubt, however, whether this important question can be usefully discussed before it is known whether it has been the subject of negotiation between Great Britain and the other principal Naval Powers. "Whatever may be determined as to the ratiﬁcation of the Declaration of London,

See Government.

Ponology. “Giving the Convict a Chance." By Eugene L. Bertrand. World's Work, v. 20, p. 13373 (Sept.). Describing methods of reforming convicts in Colorado, where they are put out to work at road building on the “honor” system, with the opportunity to reduce their sentence ten days 111 every thirty by good behavior while they are engaged in this out-door work. "The Death Penalty and Homicide." By Arthur Macdonald. American journal of Sociology, v. 16, p. 88 (July). "Prison Life as I Found it." By “John Carter." Century, v. 80, p. 752 (Sept.). See p. 584, supra. “The Working -_'_of the Prevention of Crime Act." By E. G. Clayton. Nineteenth Century and After, v. 68, p. 307 (Aug). The writer thinks the new penal system of England too lenient, and makes out a strong case from the evidence which he adduces.

Pleading.

See Procedure.